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AUBF 2 CSF/ AMNIOTIC (FINALS) > AMNIOTIC FLUID > Flashcards

AMNIOTIC FLUID Flashcards

1
Q

colorless to pale yellow color found in the membranous sac that surrounds the fetus known as Amnion

A

AMNIOTIC FLUID

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2
Q

AMNIOTIC FLUID Functions:

A
  • cushion for fetus
  • allows fetal movement
  • stabilizes temperature
  • proper lung development
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3
Q

Normal volume:
* the volume of the amniotic fluid ______throughout the pregnancy
* the volume of the amniotic fluid gradually ______ before delivery

A

Normal volume: 800-1200mL during the 3rd trimester
* the volume of the amniotic fluid increases throughout the pregnancy
* the volume of the amniotic fluid gradually decreases before delivery

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4
Q

ultimate source of amniotic fluid water and solutes

A

placenta

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5
Q

during the 1st trimester, ____ of amniotic fluid is derived from the circulation coming from the mother

A

35mL

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6
Q

the major constituent of amniotic fluid is fetal urine

A

After the 1st trimester

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7
Q

the fetus can already release lung fluid, which then contributes to the volume of the amniotic fluid

A

During the 3rd trimester

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8
Q

The normal volume of the amniotic fluid is regulated by the balance between the production of the fetal urine and lung fluid and absorption by:

A
  1. fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid and
  2. intramembranous flow
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9
Q

Increase in the normal volume of the amniotic fluid (more than 1200mL)

A

Polyhydramnios

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10
Q

Decrease in the normal volume of the amniotic fluid (less than 800mL)

A

Oligohydramnios

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11
Q

Happens when there is decrease in the fetal swallowing of the urine and neural tube defects

A

Polyhydramnios

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12
Q
  • Happens when there is an increase fetal swallowing of urine
  • Membrane leakage
  • Urinary tract deformities (impaired
    urination → decreased fetal urine production)
A

Oligohydramnios

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13
Q

Amniotic fluid Collection Method:

A

Amniocentesis

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14
Q

Maximum volume we collect:

A

30 mL

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15
Q

is discarded because it may be contaminated with maternal blood, tissue fluid, or cell

A

first 2-3mL

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16
Q

the amniotic fluid we collect can be subjected for chromosomal studies (e.g., to detect trisomy21/down syndrome)

A

2nd trimester (approx. 16th week of pregnancy)

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17
Q

can be used for assessment of fetal lung maturity and fetal hemolytic disease

A

3rd trimester

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18
Q
  • The amniotic fluid should be placed on ice during delivery
  • Must be kept refrigerated if you will not perform the test immediately
A

Test for fetal Lung maturity

19
Q

Sample must be kept at room temperature or body temperature (37degC)

A

Test for Cytogenetic studies/Microbial studies

20
Q

To assess HDN is to detect bilirubin in amniotic fluid

A

Test for HDN (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn)

21
Q

a photosensitive analyte and must be protected from light

A

Bilirubin

22
Q

Use ________bottle as a specimen container
▪ Alternatives:

A

amber-colored; foil and black plastic cover

23
Q

less reliable compared to urea and creatinine

A

Protein and glucose

24
Q

cases that when a mother has proteinuria or glucosuria

A

false positive maternal urine

25
Q

major metabolic products → high concentration in maternal urine

A

urea and creatinine

26
Q

Urea Value in:
Amniotic Fluid
Maternal Urine

A

Urea Value in:
Amniotic Fluid <30mg.dL
Maternal Urine >30mg/dL

27
Q

Creatinine Value in:
Amniotic Fluid
Maternal Urine

A

Creatinine Value in:
Amniotic Fluid <3.5mg/dL
Maternal Urine >10mg/dL

28
Q

detects ruptured amniotic membranes, aside from the 4 analytes

A

Fern Test

29
Q

Fern Test Specimen:

A

Vaginal fluid

30
Q

presence of fern-like crystals due to protein and sodium chloride

A

Amniotic fluid

31
Q

Amniotic fluid Appearance
Colorless to pale yellow

A

Normal

32
Q

Traumatic tap, abdominal trauma, intraamniotic hemorrhage

A

Blood-streaked

33
Q

Increased bilirubin (seen on HDN)

A

Yellow

34
Q

Meconium (1st fetal bowel movement or newborn 1st poop)

A

Dark Green

35
Q

Fetal death/Fetal demise

A

Dark red brown

36
Q

Happens if there’s a presence of anti-D antibodies that can cross the placenta and destroys large number of fetal RBC → degradation of products (ie. Bilirubin)

A

HDN/ Erythroblastosis fetalis

37
Q

test for HDN

A

Optical density 450 (OD450)

38
Q

Absorbance of Amniotic fluid:
Increased at 365nm and decreased at 550nm

A

Normal

39
Q

Absorbance of Amniotic fluid:
Increased at 450nm (wavelength of maximum bilirubin absorbance)

A

HDN

39
Q

Results are plotted on a

A

Liley Graph

40
Q

nonaffected/mildly affected fetus (normal fetus)

A

Zone I

41
Q

moderately affected fetus and close monitoring is required to prevent severe effect of HDN

A

Zone II

42
Q

severely affected fetus and requires interventions

A

Zone III

43
Q

Interferences that may occur when performing this test:

A

o Presence of cells
o Presence of meconium
o Presence of debris
o Presence of Hgb – peak absorbance of Hgb is 410nm → high absorbance of amniotic fluid

AUBF 2 CSF/ AMNIOTIC (FINALS) (3 decks)

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