AML Flashcards
Incidence of AML increases logarithmically with age except
APL
(incidence of APL is constant over human life span)
2 most common symptoms and signs of marrow necrosis
bone pain and fever
Cytogenetic abnormality in APL that confers resistant to retinoid therapy
PLZF-RARa fusion
T (11;17)
Prevalent variant of AML that develops in patients with Down syndrome
Acute Megakayoblastic Leukemia
True of False:
Most cases of Acute basophilic leukemia evolve from the chronic phase of CML
True
Cluster of differentiation specific for basophilic differentiation
CD9 and CD25
Complete remission in AML is defined as
<2% blasts in the marrow
neutrophil count >1x 109/L
platelet count >100 x 109/L
Anthracycline that reduced the development of drug resistance
Idarubicin
A multitargeted kinase inhibitor use in AML patients with FLT3 ITD or TKD point mutations
Midostaurin
a humanized anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody conjugated to calicheamin
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
main toxicity of Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
prolonged thrombocytopenia
a liposomal preparation of daunorubicin and cytarabine used for secondary AML or MDS-related cytogenetics
Liposomal CPX-351
Recommended phase 2 dose of venetoclax in combination with HMA
400mg/day
hedgehog pathway inhibitor approved by FDA for oral administration in combination with LDAC
Glasdegib
oral small molecule inhibitor of IDH2
Enasidenib
oral inhibitor of IDH1
Ivosidenib
most serious complications of hyperleukocytosis
intracranial hemorrhage
pulmonary insufficiency
Leukapheresis can decrease blast count by approximately how many percent?
30%
True or False
In patients with CNS leukemia, prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy is not recommended if high dose cytarabine is used for consolidation
True
duration of Cytarabine infusion that would decrease the likelihood of severe cerebellar toxicity
1 hour
Upper age limit for alloHSCT in AML
no strict upper age limit
2 major complications of DLI
GVHD
marrow aplasia
True or False
Extramedullary sites of relapse are more common after transplantation
True
CDK6 inhibitor with activity in MLL-rearranged leukemias
Palbociclib
CDK9 inhibitor
MCL-1 inhibitor
Alvodicib
oral iron chelator that inhibits CD34+CD38- cells through inhibition of NFkb and reactive oxygen species
Deferasirox
True or False
Treatment related APL and de novo APL are treated similarly
True
ATRA alone can induce remission in how many percentage of patients
80%
leukemic promyelocytes disappear from blood after ATRA after how many weeks
2-4 weeks
a rapid increase in total blood leukocyte count in the first several weeks of therapy with ATRA
Differentiation syndrome
key feature of differentiation syndrome
respiratory distress
True or False.
Differentiation syndrome can occur in maintenance therapy
False
Preferred anthracycline in pregnant women
Doxorubicin
(due to low transplacental transfer)
spontaneous remissions can occur in pediatric AML with this cytogenetics
t (8;16) (p11;23)
2 most important predictors of treatment related mortality
Age
Performance status
2 most compelling determinants of poor outcome
Older age
Less favorable cytogenetics
True or False.
Marrow examination are not needed in the majority of AML patients in first complete remission
True
