Aml Flashcards
AML usually occurs in the patients. Of age
15-40 years
Clinical presentation
Pallor and fatigue due to the hb decrease
Infections due to the tlc decrease
Purpurin , petechie
Hepatosplenomegaly
Gums are involved
Chloroma
Dic
Y Pallor and fatigue will occur
Hb decrease
Gums are involved in which AML
Gum hyperplasia and bleeding occurs more in M4 and M5
Which organs are not involved
Cns , testis , lymph node,
Chloroma is common I’m in which AML
M2 without maturation acc to fab
Dic is more common in
M4
What are the risk factors for the AML
Radiation
Down syndrome M7
Bloom’s syndrome
Franconia syndrome
Fab classification of AML
M0undifferentiated M1 without maturation M2 with maturation M3 acute promyelocytic leukaemia M4 acutemyelomonocytic leukaemia M5 acute monocytic leukaemia M6 acute erythroleulaemia M7 acute megakaryocytic leukaemia
Describe about AML m2
More than 10 % matured cells will be there
It is associated with 8 21 translocation
Runx1 and runxt1
What is chorolma
Also known as granulocytic sarcoma and myeloblastoma
Soft tissue involvement
Mpo positive has greenish colour
Most common site for chloroma
Eye
Proptosisi occurs
Monocytes which are present in the chloroma are called as
Arbiskov cells
AML M3
Associated with t 15 and 17 translocations
PML gene on the 15 and RARA gena on the 17 fuse to form PML RARA Fusion
This leads to decrease in the vitamin A
Reduced conversion of the promyelocyte to myelocytes
Promyelocytes will be more
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia will be there
What are Auer rods
The granules in the promyelocytes fuse to form auer rods
Cross cross pattern is called faggot cell
What is the treatment of M3
All trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide
Best prognosis of all the aml
AML M4 and M5 description
Tissue involvement gum bleeding and gum hyperplasia will be there
Non specific ester add postivity will be there
Which chromosome abnormalities M4 is associated with
Chromosome 16
AML m6 description
Diffuse positivity with pas
Description about the AML 7 acute megakaryocytic syndrome
It is associated with Down’s syndrome
Least common syndrome
Megakaryocytes releases PDGF this is responsible for myelofibrosis
What are the markers for megakaryocytes
CD41 and CD 61
Lab diagnosis of AML
Hb decrease
TLC increase or decrease
Platelets decrease
Pheripheral smear more than 20 percent myeloblasts
Bone marrow more than 20 percent myeloblasts
What are the stains used for myeloblasts
Mpo postindustrial
NSE
Sbb
Marker of the myeloblasts
CD 13
CD33
CD117
Myeloperiosodase
Blasts less than 20% can we make diagnosis of AML
Yes if 8 21 15 17 and inversion 16 is done
B
Definite treatment for AML
Stem cell Transplantation
AML M3. Treatment
ATRA and arsenic trioxide
Investigation of choice for AML
Flow cytometry assessment except for AML M 3 fish analysis is used
What is bi phenotypic leukaemia
Both markers are present myeloblasts as well as lymphoblasts
