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Biochemie > Aminosäuren > Flashcards

Aminosäuren Flashcards

Lerne Strukturen und Eigenschaften von Aminosäuren

1
Q

Glycin (Gly)

A

Unpolare Seitenkette

Aliphatische AS

Nicht chiral

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2
Q

Valin (Val)

A

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Aliphatische AS

Valin

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3
Q

Leucin (Leu)

A

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Aliphatische AS

Essentiell

2 Chiralitätszentren

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4
Q

3 verzweigte AS

A

Valin, Leucin, Isoleucin

Alle drei essentiell und die hydrophobsten AS in Proteinen

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5
Q

3 aromatische AS

A

Phenylalanin, Tyrosin, Tryptophan

Essentiell

Hydroxylierung von Phe führt zu Tyr -> Tyr ist bedingt essentiell (Körper kann es aus Vorstufe Phe herstellen)

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6
Q

Isoleucin (Ile)

A

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Aliphatische AS

essentiell

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7
Q

Alanin (Ala)

A

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Aliphatische AS

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8
Q

Phenylalanin (Phe)

A

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Aromatische AS

essentiell

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9
Q

Tyrosin (Tyr)

A

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Aromatische AS

Ausgangsstoff für viele Hormone (Dopamin, Katecholamin…)

bedingt essentiell

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10
Q

Tryptophan (Trp)

A

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Aromatische AS

essentiell

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11
Q

Serin (Ser)

A

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12
Q

Threonin (Thr)

A

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2 Chiralitätszentren

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13
Q

Cystein (Cys)

A

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Bedingt essentiell (Herstellung aus Met)

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14
Q

Besonderheit von Cystein

A

Kann Disulfidbrücken ausbilden = Oxidation

Es bilden sich Cystein-Dimere = Cystin

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15
Q

Methionin (Met)

A

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Aliphatische AS

essentiell

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16
Q

Prolin (Pro)

A

Unpolare Seitenkette

17
Q

Asparagin (Asn)

A

Polare Seitenkette

Neutrale AS

18
Q

Glutaminsäure (Glu)

A

Geladene Seitengruppe (COO-)

Saure AS

19
Q

Glutamin (Gln)

A

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20
Q

Arginin (Arg)

A

Geladene Seitenkette (=NH2+)

Basische AS

Wichtig für Harnstoffzyklus

21
Q

Lysin (Lys)

A

Geladene Seitenkette (NH3+)

Basische AS

essentiell

22
Q

Histidin (His)

A

Geladene Seitenkette

Basische AS

Sekundäre AS (Pyrrolidinring)

essentiell

23
Q

Asparaginsäure (Asp)

A

Geladene Seitenkette

Saure AS

24
Q

9 essentielle AS

A

Val, Leu, Ile, Thr, Met, Ph, Trp, Lys, His

25
Q

2 bedingt essentielle AS

26
Q

pKS-Wert der alpha-Carboxygruppe

27
Q

pKS-Wert der alpha-Aminogruppe

28
Q

Kanonische AS

A

20 proteinogene AS, die in Codons zu finden sind

29
Q

Nicht-kanonische AS

A

Selenocystein, paart mit UGA oder UAG (Stopcodon)

30
Q

Selenocystein (Sec)

A

nicht kanonisch

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31
Q

Ornithin

A

Nicht-proteinogen (Abspaltung von Harnstoff aus Arginin)

32
Q

Citrullin

A

Nicht-proteinogen (Abspaltung von NO = Botenstoff aus Arginin)

Biochemie (4 decks)

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