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PCOL > AMINOGLYCOSIDES - brainscape.xlsx - Sheet1 > Flashcards

AMINOGLYCOSIDES - brainscape.xlsx - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

Maintain serum concentration level above the ________ inhibitory concentration (MIC)

A

minimum

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2
Q

Some drugs and aminoglycosides:
As the plasma level is increased above the MIC, the drug kills an (INCREASING/DECREASING) proportion of bacteria at a more rapid rate

A

increasing

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3
Q

• ________ related to time above MIC

A

Directly

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4
Q

(INDEPENDENT/DEPENDENT) of concentration once the MIC is reached

A

Independent

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5
Q

Aminoglycosides’ killing action _______ when the plasma levels have declined below measurable levels

A

continues

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6
Q

Greater efficacy when administered as a _______ than when given as multiple smaller doses

A

single large dose

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7
Q

Toxicity (in contrast to antibacterial activity) depends on a ________ and on that__________

A

critical plasma concentration; time such a level is exceeded

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8
Q

Time above such threshold is ______ with single large dose

A

shorter

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9
Q

Structurally related amino sugars attached by ________

A

glycosidic linkages

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10
Q

Polar compounds therefore _______

A

Not absorbed orally

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11
Q

Given intramuscularly or intravenously for systemic effects (T/F)

A

F

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12
Q

______ tissue penetration

A

Limited

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13
Q

Crosses readily cross the blood-brain barrier (T/F)

A

F

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14
Q

Major mode of excretion

A

Glomerular filtration

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15
Q

Plasma levels are affected by changes in _______

A

renal function

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16
Q

Excretion is directly proportional to _________

A

creatinine clearance

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17
Q

With normal renal function, elimination half-life is _____

A

2-3 h

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18
Q

Dosage adjustment must be made in renal insufficiency to avoid ______

A

toxic accumulation

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19
Q

Monitoring plasma levels is needed for safe and effective dosage selection and adjustment (T/F)

A

T

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20
Q

For traditional dosing regimens

A

2 or 3 times daily

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21
Q

Measured at 30-60 minutes after administration

A

Peak serum levels

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22
Q

Measured just before the next dose

A

l Trough serum levels

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23
Q

l Bactericidal (irreversible) inhibitors of _________

A

protein synthesis

24
Q

Penetration of bacterial cell wall is partly dependent on ________

A

O2-dependent active transport

25
Q

(MINIMAL/MAXIMAL) activity against strict anaerobes

A

Minimal

26
Q

Transport is enhanced by __________ inhibitors

A

cell wall synthesis

27
Q

l Bind to ______ ribosomal unit

A

30S

28
Q

l Interfere with protein synthesis

A
  1. Block formation of initiation complex
  2. Cause misreading of the code on the mRNA template
  3. Inhibit translocation
29
Q

Streptococci, including S. pneumoniae

A

Failure to penetrate into the cell

30
Q

Enterococci

A

Failure to penetrate into the cell

31
Q

• Group transferases

A

Catalyze the acetylation of amine functions; Transfer of phosphoryl or adenyl groups to the Oxygen atoms of hydroxyl groups on the aminoglycoside

32
Q

Transferases produced by enterococci can inactivate

A

• Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Not streptomycin,

33
Q

l Serious infections caused by aerobic gram (-) bacteria

A

GENTAMICIN, TOBRAMYCIN, and AMIKACIN

34
Q

• E. coli Enterobacter (+/-)

A

negative

35
Q

• Klebsiella Proteus (+/-)

A

negative

36
Q

• Providencia Pseudomonas (+/-)

A

negative

37
Q

Serratia (+/-)

A

negative

38
Q

 Combined with penicillin in the treatment for (3)

A

Pseudomonalm, Listerial, Enterococcal infections

39
Q

STREPTOMYCIN is used for (3)

A

Tuberculosis, Plague, Tularemia

40
Q

 Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of M. tb resistant to streptomycin maybe susceptible to amikacin (T/F)

A

TRUE

41
Q

NEOMYCIN is used (Topically/Orally)

A

topically

42
Q

NEOMYCIN is if used locally causes ______ in the GIT

A

Eliminate bacterial flora

43
Q

Drug reserved for serious infections resistant to other aminoglycosides

A

NETILMICIN

44
Q

This drug is aminocylitol related to aminoglycosides

A

SPECTINOMYCIN

45
Q

It is a back-up drug

A

SPECTINOMYCIN

46
Q

SPECTINOMYCIN is used intramuscular as single dose for ______

A

gonorrhea

47
Q

Toxicity to the ears

A

OTOTOXICITY

48
Q

Auditory or vestibular damage (or both) maybe (REVERSIBLE/IRREVERSIBLE)

A

irreversible

49
Q 
WHICH OF THE FF DRUGS CAUSE Auditory impairment AND Vestibular dysfunction: 
Amikacin
Gentamicin
Kanamycin
Tobramycin
A

• Auditory impairment
Amikacin and kanamycin
• Vestibular dysfunction
Gentamicin and tobramycin

50
Q

Toxicity risk is ________ to the plasma levels

A

proportionate

51
Q

_____ in pregnancy

A

Contraindicated

52
Q

Acute tubular necrosis (REVERSIBLE/IRREVERSIBLE)

A

Reversible

53
Q

Most nephrotoxic aminoglycoside drugs (2)

A

• Gentamicin and tobramycin

54
Q

NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE (COMMON/RARE)

A

RARE

55
Q

 Treatment for neuromuscular blockade (3)

A

Calcium, Neostigmine, Ventilatory support

56
Q

Causes allergic skin reactions like contact dermatitis

A

Neomycin

PCOL (2 decks)

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