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Pharmacology > Aminoglycosides > Flashcards

Aminoglycosides Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs from Streptomyces bacteria

A

Streptomycin
Tobramycin
Neomycin
Kanamycin

-mycin

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2
Q

Drugs from Micromonospora

A

Gentamicin
Amikacin
Netilmicin

-micin

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3
Q

Half-life of aminoglycosides

A

2-3 hours

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4
Q

Used for this kind of bacteria

A

Gram-negative enteric bacteria

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5
Q

Reversible or irreversible inhibitors of protein synthesis

A

Irreversible

Reversible: Tetracyclines

Inhibits the 30S portion (both aminoglycosides and tetracyclines)

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6
Q

Mechanism of action is enhanced by

A

Penicillin or Vancomycin

Due to the synergistic effect

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7
Q

Mechanism of action is inhibited by

A

Low extracellular pH and anaerobic conditions

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8
Q

Primary mode of resistance

A

Production of transferase enzyme that inactivate aminoglycosides by adenylation, acetylation, or phosphorylation (PAA)

Other modes of resistance: Deletion and alteration of a porin protein and deletion or alteration of the receptor protein

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9
Q

Route of administration for the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections, gram-positive endocarditis, and tuberculosis

A

Intravenous

Administered as a 30-60 minute infusion

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10
Q

Route of administration that is well-absorbed

A

Intramuscular

Peak blood concentration: 30-90 minutes

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11
Q

Route of administration where the entire dose is excreted in the feces

A

Oral

Poor absorption in an intact GIT
Absorption may be increased in an ulcerated tract (like ulcerated colitis)

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12
Q

Bactericidal or bacteriostatic

A

Bactericidal

Higher concentration = higher antimicrobial activity

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13
Q

Route of elimination

A

Renal

Higher creatinine clearance = lower dosage needed
Do not penetrate cells readily due to its polarity
Dose adjustments for those with renal impairment

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14
Q

Most ototoxic

A

Neomycin, Amikacin, Kanamycin

NAK

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15
Q

Most vestibulotoxic

A

Streptomycin
Gentamicin

SG (Singapore)

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16
Q

Most nephrotoxic

A

Neomycin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin

NGT (Neomycin’s got talent lol)

17
Q

Second-line agent for mycobacterial infections, such as TB

A

Streptomycin

Plague, tularemia, brucellosis, enterococcal endocarditis

18
Q

Vestibulotoxicity of this drug is the most serious toxic effect and is irreversible

A

Streptomycin

20
Q

Used for pediatric populations

A

Gentamicin

21
Q

Drug with an IM or IV administration for sepsis and pneumonia

A

Gentamicin

Topical for burns, other skin lesions
Subconjunctival for ocular infections
Intrathecal for meningitis

22
Q

Nephrotoxicity of this drug is mild and irreversible and ototoxicity is irreversible

A

Gentamicin

23
Q

Used for conjunctivitis (sore eyes)

A

Tobramycin

24
Q

Used for multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis, including streptomycin-resistant strains

A

Amikacin

25
Q

Both ototoxic and nephrotoxic

A

Amikacin
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Kanamycin

AGNK (agent K)

26
Q

Used for Gentamicin- and Tobramycin-resistant strains

A

Netilmicin

IM or IV

27
Q

Drugs under the Neomycin group

A

Paromomycin
Neomycin
Kanamycin

PNK (pink)

28
Q

For gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and some mycobacteria

A

Neomycin

Kanamycin

29
Q

Not active against P. aeruginosa and streptococci

A

Neomycin

Kanamycin

30
Q

Used orally for elective bowel surgery preparation and intestinal amoebiasis

A

Neomycin
Kanamycin

Topical for infected surfaces (used in ophtha)
Injection for joints, pleural cavity, tissue spaces, abcess cavities
IV and IM for TB

31
Q

Has an adverse reaction of curare-like neuromuscular blockade leading to respiratory paralysis or arrest

A

Neomycin
Kanamycin

Can be reversed by calcium gluconate or neostigmine

32
Q

Used parenterally for visceral leishmaniasis

A

Paromomycin

Intestinal Entamoeba histolytica infection

33
Q

An aminocyclitol antibiotic, which is structurally related to aminoglycosides, that lacks amino sugars and glycosidic bonds

A

Spectinomycin

34
Q

Used as an alternative regimen for drug-resistant gonorrhea and gonorrhea in penicillin-allergic patients

A

Spectinomycin

IM, single dose

35
Q

Not active against steptococci and enterococci

A

Gentamicin

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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