aminoglycoside abx Flashcards
what class of abx are these the “core structures” for?
aminoglycosides
aminoglycoside MOA
inhibit protein biosynthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit (bind to 16S rRNA) creating nonsense proteins and impairing bacterial cell wall function
how do aminoglycosides get through the cell wall?
form salt bridges with phospholipids, pass through cytoplasmic membrane by active transport
resistance mechanisms for aminoglycosides
metabolism, altered ribosomes/ point mutations in the 16S rRNA binding site (tuberculosis), altered aminoglycoside uptake
aminoglycoside metabolism
excreted unchanged by humans, inactivated by bacteria
toxicity of aminoglycosides
ototoxic, nephrotoxic. avoid other ototoxic drugs including loop diuretics and vanc. can cause respiratory and muscle paralysis.
how to recognize the names of aminoglycosides
the -mycins
what drugs reverse respiratory paralysis caused by aminoglycosides?
neostigmine and calcium gluconate
therapeutic use of aminoglycosides
use reserved for treatment of gram - bacteria (also are effective against gram +)
what other class of antibiotics are used with aminoglycosides
penicillins do not mix together in the same solution
what are some indications for aminoglycosides?
bacterial endocarditis, tuberculosis
which aminoglycoside is effective against resistant strains in hospitals?
amikacin (side chain prevents metabolism)
what are the orally active aminoglycosides?
neomycin B, paromomycin (used for gut flora in traveler’s diarrhea) (not absorbed through the GI tract systemically)
which aminoglycoside can be used against parasites including tapeworms?
paromomycin (dwarf and beef tapeworm) through neuromuscular blockade MOA
what are the macrolide abx?
macrocyclic lactones; 14-membered lactone rings containing a desoamine sugar
what type of antibiotic is erythromycin A?
macrolide
