Amino anabolism Flashcards
What are non-essential amino acids?
Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body
What is the precursor of adrenaline?
Tyrosine
What cofactor is required for the synthesis of tyrosine from phenylalanine?
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)
True or False: Phenylalanine can be synthesized from tyrosine.
False
What condition is caused by a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase?
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Where does the main pathway of serine synthesis occur?
Cytosol
What can serine be synthesized from in mitochondria?
Glycine
What is the main synthetic route for glycine?
From carbon dioxide, ammonia, and N5N10 methylene tetrahydrofolate
In mammals, cysteine is synthesized from which two compounds?
Homocysteine and serine
What is S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) used for in metabolism?
It is a powerful methylating agent
What does S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolyze to?
Homocysteine
What metabolic fate can pyruvate take?
Entry into the Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs Cycle)
How is asparagine synthesized in mammals?
By the transfer of the amide nitrogen from glutamine to aspartate
Fill in the blank: The synthetic pathways for essential amino acids are present only in _______.
Microorganisms and plants
What family does glutamate belong to?
Glutamate, arginine, glutamine, proline
What is a key point regarding the synthesis of essential amino acids?
They are considerably more complex than for non-essential amino acids
What is the relationship between serine, glycine, and cysteine synthesis?
They are interrelated
What is the process by which alanine is synthesized?
Transamination from pyruvate
How is aspartate synthesized?
Transamination from oxaloacetate
What is the role of THF in amino acid metabolism?
It is involved in one-carbon metabolism
