Amino Acids / Proteins

Question 1

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 1

Histidine

Isoleucine

Leucine

Lysine

Methionine

Phenylalanine

Threonine

Tryptophan

Valine

Question 2

Non-Essential Amino Acids

Answer 2

Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartic acid Cysteine Glutamic acid Glutamine Glycine Proline Selenocysteine Serine Tyrosine

Question 3

Alpha Amino Acids

Answer 3

Question 4

D or L Isomer

Answer 4

Almost all biological amino acids are in the L-configuration

Question 5

Non-Polar Amino Acids

Answer 5

Alanine

Glycine

Isoleucine

Leucine

Methionine

Proline

Valine

Question 6

Carboxyl Amino Acids

Answer 6

Aspartic Acid

Glutamic Acid

Question 7

Amine Amino Acids

Answer 7

Arginine

Histidine

Lysine

Question 8

Aromatic Amino Acids

Answer 8

Phenylalanine

Tryptophan

Tyrosine

Question 9

Hydroxyl Amino Acids

Answer 9

Serine

Threonine

Tyrosine

Question 10

Other Category Amino Acids

Answer 10

Asparagine

Cysteine

Glutamine

Selenocysteine

Pyrrolysine

Question 11

Ionizable Amino Acids

Answer 11

Question 12

Artomatic R-Groups at Physiolgoical pH

Answer 12

Alpha carboxyl group deprotonated & Alpha amine group protonated

Question 13

Aliphatic R-Groups at Physiological pH

Question 14

Carboxyl R-Groups at Physiological pH

Answer 14

Alpha carboxyl deprotonated, Alpha amino protonated, & R-group carboxyl deprotonated

Question 15

Hydroxy R-Groups at Physiological pH

Answer 15

Alpha carboxyl deprotonated & Alpha amino protonated

**At high pH, the R-group hydroxy will ionize**

Question 16

Sulfhydryl R-Group at Physiological pH

Answer 16

Alpha carboxyl deprotonated & Alpha amino protonated

**Sulfer ionized around pH = 8**

Question 17

Carboxamide R-Groups at Physiological pH

Answer 17

Alpha carboxyl deprotonated & Alpha amino protonated

Question 18

Amine R-Groups at Physiological pH

Answer 18

Alpha carboxyl deprotonated, Alpha amide protonated, & least protonated amine protonated

Question 19

Rare Amino Acids

Answer 19

Question 20

Non-Protein Amino Acids

Answer 20

Carnitine, Citrulline, Ornithine, etc.

Question 21

Why do we care about the ionization charge on proteins?

Answer 21

Changes in charge change protein function

Ex: Pepsin is most active around pH = 2, while Trypsin is most active around pH = 5

Question 22

Phosphorylated Amino Acids

Answer 22

Question 23

Breakdown of Amino Acids

Answer 23

Question 24

Peptide Bond Formation

Answer 24

Alpha amino group on one amino acid donates an H to a carboxyl group on a different amino acid, creating H₂O as a leaving group so that the newly charged amino group can add to the carbon of the other amino acid.

Question 25

Function of Amino Acids & Proteins

Answer 25

Workhorses of the Cell: Catalysis, signlaling, structure, energy/gradient generation Protiens comprised of 20-21 amino acids

Question 26

Alanine

Question 27

Glycine

Question 28

Isoleucine

Question 29

Leucine