Amino acids, Peptides, Proteins, and Enzymes Flashcards
Amino acids contain which two functional groups?
Amino group
Carboxyl group
Amino acid stereochemistry is ____________ (exceptions?)
Chiral (4 different groups attached to it)
Glycine - has a H attached as its R group (achiral)
All chiral amino acids are configured __________ (exceptions?)
L-amino acids
Cysteine has an L-structure with R configuring
Nonpolar, nonaromatic amino acids
Glycine Alanine Valine Leucine Isoleucine Methionine Proline
Aromatic side chain amino acids
Tryptophan
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Polar amino acids
Serine Threonine Asparagine Glutamine Cysteine
Acidic side chain amino acids
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
Basic amino acids
Lysine
Arginine
Histidine
Amino acids are ___________
Amphoteric
Zwitterions
Isoelectric point (pI)
The pH where the molecule is electrically neutral.
pI = sum pKa of both amine and carboxyl group over 2
Amino acid subunits
Peptides
Also termed residues
Dipeptide
Two amino acid residues
Tripeptides
3 amino acids joined
Peptide bond formation
Condensation or dehydration
Condensation
Peptide bond formation
Hydrolysis
Peptide bond cleavage