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Biochemistry > Amino Acids and peptides > Flashcards

Amino Acids and peptides Flashcards

0
Q

Carbon in which all four groups attached are different

A

Chiral carbon

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1
Q

Amino acid and carboxylic group attach in the same alpha carbon

A

Alpha amino acids

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2
Q

All amino acids have chiral carbon except

A

Glycine

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3
Q

Absolute configuration of amino acids

A

Glyceraldehyde

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4
Q

Configuration of all amino acids derived from natural proteins

A

L configuration

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5
Q

Total number of amino acids in all forms of life

A

20

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6
Q

Amino acids with aliphatic side chain

A

Leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, glycine

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7
Q

Amino acids with side chains containing -OH groups

A

Threonine, tyrosine, serine

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8
Q

Amino acids containing side chains with sulfur atoms

A

Cystein, methionine

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9
Q

Amino acids with side chains containing acidic/amide groups

A

Aspartate, asparagine, glutamate, glutamine

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10
Q

Amino acids with side chains containing basic groups

A

Lysine, histidine, arginine

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11
Q

Amino acids containing side chains with aromatic rings

A

Tryptophan, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine

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12
Q

Imino acid

A

Proline

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13
Q

Ala (A)

A

Alanine

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14
Q

Arg (R)

A

Arginine

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15
Q

Asp (D)

A

Aspartate

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16
Q

Asn (N)

A

Asparagine

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17
Q

Cys (C)

A

Cysteine

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18
Q

Glu (E)

A

Glutamate

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19
Q

Gly (g)

A

Glycine

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20
Q

His (H)

A

Histidine

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21
Q

Ile (I)

A

Isoleucine

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22
Q

Lys (K)

A

Lysine

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23
Q

Met (M)

A

Methionine

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24
Q

Phe (P)

A

Phenylalanine

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25
Q

Pro (O)

A

Proline

26
Q

Ser (S)

A

Serine

27
Q

Thr (T)

A

Threonine

28
Q

Trp(W)

A

Tryptophan

29
Q

Tyr (Y)

A

Tyrosine

30
Q

Val (V)

A

Valine

31
Q

Essential amino acids

A

Phe, val, thr, trp, ile, met, his, leu, lys

Pneumonics: PriVaTe TIM HeLL

32
Q

Non-essential amino acids

A

Glu, asp, asn, ala

Pneumonics: GAAA

33
Q

Conditional amino acids

A

Gln, pro, arg, ser, tyr, cys, gly

34
Q

Referred to as 21st amino acid

A

Selenocysteine

35
Q

Atom that replaced sulfur of cysteine to turn it into selenocysteine

A

Selenium

36
Q

Which is stronger, R-COOH or R-NH3+?

A

R-COOH

37
Q

Determined by the pH at which the protonated and unprotonated species is present in equal concentration

A

pK of an acid

38
Q

Amino acid molecule that has no net charge

A

Zwitterions

39
Q

T/F? Net charge of amino acids depends upon the pH of the surrounding solution.

A

True

40
Q

T/f? Functional groups present on amino acids has the same pKa values.

A

False

41
Q

PH at which an amino acid bears no net charge

A

Isoelectric pH

42
Q

T/f? Varying the pH of the medium does not alter the cgarhe of the amino acids.

A

False

43
Q

Charge of amino acid at pH < pI

A

Positive

44
Q

Charge of amino acid at pH > pI

A

Negative

45
Q

General properties of amino acid

A

Soluble in polar solvent, insoluble in non polar solvent, high melting point, do not absorb visible light except aromatics

46
Q

T/f? Specific properties of the amino acids are dictated by the nature of their R groups

A

True

47
Q

Smallest amino acids allowing it to fit in regions that are inaccessible to other amino acids

A

Glycine

48
Q

Hydrophobic and occurs in the interior of proteins

A

Amino acids with aliphatic/aromatic R group

49
Q

Nucleophile, functions as such during enzymatic catalysis

A

-OH of ser and -SH of cys

50
Q

Undergoes phosphorylation which regulates enzyme activity

A

-OH of ser, tyr, thr

51
Q

Functions as either a base or acid catalyst at neutral pH

A

Imidazole group of his

52
Q

Used in detecting a.a. that forms aurple product with alpha a.a. and yellow with imine groups of proline

A

Ninhydrin

53
Q

Consist of 2 or more a.a. residues linked by peptide bond

A

Peptides

54
Q

Exhibits partial double bond character

A

Peptide bond

55
Q

Sample treatment with CuSO4

Color: purple

A

Biuret test

56
Q

T/f? Formation of peptides from amino acids is accompanied by a net loss of one positive and one negative charge per peptide bond formed.

A

True

57
Q

T/f? Peptides are uncharged at physiologic pH because of their terminal carboxyl and amino groups and when present the charger R group

A

False, charged

58
Q

T/f? pKa values of functional groups will not depend upon its location within a given protein

A

False, depend

59
Q

Smooth muscle hypotensive agent liberated from specific plasma proteins

A

Bradykinin

60
Q

Polypeptide antibiotics

A

Gramicidin

61
Q

Participates in the formation of correct disulfide bonds of many proteins

A

Glutathione

62
Q

Artificial sweetene

A

Aspartame

Biochemistry (6 decks)

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