Amino Acids

Question 1

What are the components of an amino acid?

5

Answer 1

An amino group 
A carboxyl group 
A central carbon 
A single hydrogen 
A variable group

Question 2

What is the chemical composition of an amino group?

Answer 2

NH2

Question 3

What is the chemical composition of a carboxyl group?

Answer 3

COOH

Question 4

What letter is used to represent the variable group present in every amino acid?

Answer 4

R

Question 5

Draw the basic structure of an amino acid.

Answer 5

...............H
............... |
NH2 --- C --- COOH
.............. |
 ............. R

Question 6

What does one or more amino acids joined together form?

Answer 6

A protein

Question 7

Give two examples of amino acids who’s chemical structure you know and can be drawn.

Answer 7

Glycine

Cystine

Question 8

What is the variable group in glycine?

Answer 8

Hydrogen

Question 9

What is the variable group in cystine?

Answer 9

HS-CH2

Question 10

What are essential amino acids?

3

Answer 10

Amino acids that cannot be made naturally by the body
They have to be obtained from food
Foods that provide them are called high biological foods
Adults require 8 while children require 10

Question 11

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 11

8

Question 12

Give the names of the essential amino acids.

2/8

Answer 12

Valine 
Lysine 
Leucine 
Isoleucine 
Phenylalanine 
Methionine 
Threonine 
Histidine (children)
Arginine (children)

Question 13

What two amino acids are essential for children?

Answer 13

Histidine

Arginine

Question 14

What are non-essential amino acids?

Answer 14

Amino acids that can be manufactured by the body and therefore do not need to be obtained by the diet
There are ten non-essential amino acids

Question 15

How many non-essential amino acids are there?

Answer 15

Ten

Question 16

Give the name of the non-essential amino acids.

2/10

Answer 16

Alanine 
Aspartic acid 
Cysteine 
Ornithine 
Serine 
Asparagine 
Proline 
Tyrosine 
Glycine 
Glutamic acid