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Term 1 Basic Science > Amino Acids > Flashcards

Amino Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

Essential Amino Acids

A 
Histidine 
Methionine 
Threonine 
Valine 
Isoleucine 
Phenylalanine 
Tryptophan 
Leucine 
Lysine

PVT TIM HALL

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2
Q

What is the metabolic fate of AA’s?

A

Intermediary metabolism

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3
Q

What is intermediary metabolism?

A
  1. Synthesis of needed compounds
  2. Storage of energy rich compounds: fats and carbohydrates
  3. Breakdown of compounds
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4
Q

What two compounds are broken down?

A

Carbon: Extraction of energy
Carbon flows into TCA

Nitrogen: Excrete in water soluble form: urea in urine
Nitrogen flows into the urea cycle

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5
Q

AA’s with Polar Uncharged Side Chains

A

Chemically reactive side chains

Cysteine, serine, threonine, tyrosine

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6
Q

Cysteine

A 
sulfhydryl group (-SH) 
Active site of many enzymes 
Disulfide bond formation to stabilize protein structure
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7
Q

Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine

A

Transient phosphorylation in signaling proteins

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8
Q

Serine and Threonine

A

Oligosaccharide attachment points

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9
Q

Primary Protein Structure

A

linear sequence of AA’s specified by DNA/RNA

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10
Q

Secondary Protein Structure

A

local neighborhoods on linear sequence resulting from interactions of adjacent AA functional groups

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11
Q

Tertiary Protein Structure

A

long distance interactions between AA neighborhoods

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12
Q

Quaternary Protein Structure

A

interaction between individual protein chains

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13
Q

Polymorphisms

A

Variations in codons
Result in same or similar code
Functional consequences small (but not necessarily trivial)

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14
Q

Functional consequences

A

Variation in susceptibility to disease
Variation in drug metabolism
Variation in host response to stress, injury, infection, and disease
Basis of personalized medicine

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15
Q

Major functional consequences

A 
major change in class of AA 
Mutation 
Genetic disease 
- loss of function 
- gain of function (gain of toxicity)
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16
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia

A 
position 6 
polar acidic AA glutamate --> non-polar AA valine 
Major change in shape of protein 
HgB-S polymerizes inside RBCs
Sickle shape (obvs) 
Get stuck on capillaries
17
Q

Genetics of SCA

A

Most common hereditary blood disorder
N= 80,000 Americans
Most common autosomal recessive disorder in African Americans
1:12 are heterozygotes (carries)
1:5000 are homozygotes (have the disease)

18
Q

What provides resistance to Malaria?

A

The RBC’s of individuals with sickle trait have a shortened life span so the malaria organism cannot complete its normal cycle in the RBC’s.

Term 1 Basic Science (1 decks)

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