Amino Acids Flashcards
How many amino acids incorporated into proteins?
20
All amino acids exist in the L-form, except for what?
Glycine
Why glycine does not exist in the L-form?
Because glycine does not contain a “CHIRAL BOND”
What is chiral bond?
It is different compounds at each binding site
All amino acids are amphoteric. What is amphoteric?
It means all amino acids can act as an whether acid or base. It depends on pH level.
List essential amino acids.
Phenylalanine, Valine, Tryptophan
Threonine, Isoleucine, Methionine
Histidine, Arginine, Leucine, Lysine
What are purely ketogenic amino acids?
Leucine and Lysine
What is purely ketogenic?
. Unable to become glucose
. Glucogenic amino acid
. Ketone body, which used in heart, brain, muscle (as energy)
Lysine precursor to _____?
Carnitine
What is carnitine?
It takes fatty acids into mitochondria for B-oxidation (burn FAT)
What are the aromatic amino acids?
. Phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan.
. It does have benzene ring
What are sulfur-containing amino acids?
. Cysteine, methionine, and cystine
What does make cystine?
2 cysteine make a cystine.
What are the Branched-chain amino acids?
Isoleucine, leucine, and valine
What is Maple syrup urine disease?
Cannot break down branched chain amino acids.
What are acidic amino acids?
Aspartic acid (aspartate) and glutamic acid (glutamate)
What dose aspartame contain? And if it does exceed, what happened?
Contains aspartic acids. Too much can cause neurotoxic.
What are the basic amino acids?
Histidine, lysine, and arginine.
When does basic amino acids have the greatest postivie net charge?
At normal pH of blood.
Phenylalanine convert to what?
Tyrosine
If there is deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase, what happened?
PKU (phenylketonuria)
Tyrosine -> _-dopa -> ________ -> ________ -> _________
L-dopa, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
L-dopa can be convert to melanin as well. What happened if L-dopa failed to convert to melanin?
Albinism
Tyrosine can convert to T_ and T_.
T3 and T4
