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Biochem 1 > Amino acids > Flashcards

Amino acids Flashcards

1
Q

What is alanines structure/properties?

A

Ala
methyl group
it is aliphatic (nonpolar and hydrophobic)

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2
Q

What is Valine’s structure/ properties?

A

Val
Aliphatic (nonpolar and hydrophobic)
makes a V (CH(CH3)2) CH with 2 CH3’s

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3
Q

What is Leucine’s structure/ properties?

A

Leu
Aliphatic (nonpolar and hydrophobic)
CH2 followed by a V CH2CH(CH3)2
3 carbon chain with 2 methyl ends

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4
Q

What is Proline’s structure/properties?

A

Pro
Aliphatic ( nonpolar and hydrophic)
Carbon chain attaches to amino group (CH2CH2CH2-NH)

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5
Q

What is Isoleucine’s structure/properties?

A

Ile
Aliphatic ( nonpolar and hydrophobic)
Iso chain of 4 carbons v with one methyl and 1 ethyl group
CH2(CH3)CH2CH3

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6
Q

Aliphatic amino acids

A

6
gly, ala, val, pro, leu, ile

defects can cause maple syrup urine dz

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7
Q

Aromatic amino acids

A

3 Phe, Try, Trp

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8
Q

Phenylalanine structure/properties? with diseases

A

Aromatic, hydrophobic, non polar
Phe
Alanine + phenyl group (CH2 with a carbon ring)
Dz can cause phenylketonuria (PKU) resulting in maple syrup urine dz.

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9
Q

Tyrosine structure/properties? with diseases

A

Aromatic, polar, hydrophobic
can phosphorylate
defects can cause albinism, alcaptonuria (dark urine) or tyrosinosis
phenylalanine with an OH off of its carbon ring

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10
Q

Tryptophan structure/properties

A

Tyr,
Aromatic hydrophobic, polar
precursor of serotonin
2 connected rings attached to a CH2 (CH2 is attached to the 5 ring with an amino on it, 5 ring is connected to the Carbon ring)

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11
Q

What is Glycine’s structure/ what group is it in?

A

only AA to have 3 different groups (2 H’s) and it is aliphatic (nonpolar and hydrophobic)

Gly

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12
Q

Basic Amino acids and properties

A

3
very polar, positively charged in neutral pH
His, Lys, Arg

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13
Q

Histidine structure/properties

A 
His
Basic, polar (least of the 3)
positively charged in neutral pH
Immunoinflammatory response
CH2 with an imidazole ring (5 ring with 2 NH groups)
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14
Q

Lysine structure/properities

A

Lys
Basic (positive at neutral pH)
4 carbon chain with an ammonium end (CH2-NH3+)
defects cause hyperlysinemias

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15
Q

Arginine properties/structure

A 
Arg Basic (positive in neutral pH)
3 carbon chain connected to a NH, and it is connected to a C with 2 other amino groups ( 1 with a double bond, so no H on connected to the carbon)
role in nitrogen metabolism and messenger for NO
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16
Q

Acid amino acids

A

Glu,Gln, Asp, Asn

hydrophilic

17
Q

Aspartic acid properties/structures

A

Asp
Acidic (negatively charged at neutral pH and is referred to as aspartate)
CH2COOH (1 CH2 followed by a carboxyl group)

18
Q

Glutamic properties/structure

A

Glu
Acidic (negatively charged at neutral pH and referred to as glutamate)
CH2CH2COOH (2 CH2s with a carboxyl group)

19
Q

Asparagine properties/structure

A

Asn
Acidic
CH2 with an amide group (CH2-CONH2)

20
Q

Glutamine structure and properties

A

Gln
acidic
2 CH2s with an amide(CONH2)

21
Q

Which amino acid defects cause maple syrup dz.

A

Branched amino acids: Leu, Ile, Val

22
Q

What causes Pellagra?

A

Defect in the ability to metabolize tryptophan into Niacin

23
Q

Amino acids with an OH group and what reactions do they undergo?

A

Serine, Threonine

Phosphorylation

24
Q

Which amino acids contain sulfur and what reactions do they undergo?

A

Cys, Met

They oxidize to form disulfide likages

25
Q

Serine structure/properities

A 
Ser
Nucleophillic
contains OH
CH2OH (sidegroup)
undergoes phosphorylation
26
Q

Threonine structure/properties

A 
Thr
contains OH
Nucleophillic
CH2(CH3)OH (make a V with a methyl and a hydroxyl end)
Undergoes phosphorylation
27
Q

Cysteine structure/properties

A 
Cys
Contains Sulfur
CH3SH
Undergoes disulfide linkages
Nucleophilic
28
Q

Methionine

A

Met
contains sulfur
CH2CH2S-CH3 (2 CH2’s -S - methyl)
Disulfide linkages

29
Q

What amino acids are essential amino acids, and why are they referred to as such?

A

Private tim hall PVT TIM HALL
Phe, Val, Try, Thr, Ile, Met, His, Ala, Leu,Lys
Humans cannot synthesize these AA and must obtain them thru their diet.

30
Q

Name 4 amino acid precursors

A 
Glucose
Neurotransmitters
Hormone synthesis
Porphyrins, purines, pyrimidines
Building blocks for proteins (particularly enzymes)

Biochem 1 (2 decks)

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