Amino Acids

Question 0

Which a.a. is a major precursor for gluconeogenesis?

Answer 0

alanine

Question 1

What a.a. is wholly incorporated into purines?

Answer 1

glycine

Question 2

Which a.a. is the major donor of 1-carbons to tetrahydrofolate?

Answer 2

serine, histadine, glycine & tryptophan

Question 3

What a.a.s are components of glutathione?

Answer 3

cystine, glycine & glutamate

Question 4

What a.a.s are referred to as BCAA?

Answer 4

isoleucine, leucine & valine

Question 5

The a.a.s synthesized in a B12 mediated reaction is?

Answer 5

methionine

Question 6

Which a.a. is a major fuel of enterocytes?

Answer 6

glutamine

Question 7

Which a.a. are N carriers in the circulation?

Answer 7

glutamine & alanine

Question 8

Which a.a. residues are hydroxylated in a vit C mediated process?

Answer 8

proline & lysine

Question 9

Which a.a. is the precursor of serotonin?

Answer 9

tryptophan

Question 10

Which a.a. is the precursor of melanins?

Answer 10

tyrosine

Question 11

Which a.a. is a precursor catecholamines?

Answer 11

tyrosine

Question 12

Which a.a. is a N donor to the urea cycle?

Answer 12

aspartate (direct), glutamate donates a N group

Question 13

Which a.a. is wholly incorporated into pyrimidines?

Answer 13

aspartate (minus 1C)

Question 14

Which a.a.s are N donors in purine synthesis?

Answer 14

glycine, aspartate & glutamine

Question 15

Catabolism of which a.a. is impaired in phenylketonuria?

Answer 15

phenylalanine

Question 16

Which a.a.s are the precursors of carnitine?

Answer 16

lysine & methionine

Question 17

Which a.a. is a N donor in both purine & pyrimidine synthesis?

Answer 17

glutamine & aspartate

Question 18

Which a.a. is a precursor for niacin?

Answer 18

tryptophan

Question 19

Which a.a.s are most important at buffering at physiological pH?

Answer 19

histidine & cysteine

Question 20

Which a.a. is a product of the urea cycle?

Answer 20

arginine

Question 21

Which a.a.s can be de-aminated?

Answer 21

glutamine, glutamate, serine & threonine

Question 22

Which a.a.s are purely ketogenic?

Answer 22

leucine & lysine

Question 23

Which a.a. provides NH3 to buffer H+ in the kidneys?

Answer 23

glutamine

Question 24

Which a.a. residues are targeted in Vit K mediated gamma-carboxylation rxns in the liver and bone?

Answer 24

glutamate (glutamic acid)

Question 25

Which a.a. is a component of SAM?

Answer 25

methionine

Question 26

When a.a.s are transaminated, they are converted into?

Answer 26

alpha-keto acids

Question 27

All of the aromatic acids are both _____ & _____

Answer 27

ketogenic & glucogenic | Tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine

Question 28

a.a.s are positive regulators of _____ release.

Answer 28

insulin & glucagon

Question 29

The essential a.a.s are _______?

Answer 29

PVT TIM HALL

Question 30

Which a.a. is a key fuel for immune system cells

Answer 30

glutamine

Question 31

______ is produced in significant amount by gut bacteria & incorporated into urea?

Answer 31

ammonia

Question 32

This a.a. is part of the structure of tetrahydrofolate

Answer 32

glutamate

Question 33

Which a.a. can be synthesized from homocysteine?

Answer 33

methionine & cysteine

Question 34

which a.a is used in the conjugation of bile acids?

Answer 34

taurine & glycine

Question 35

Which a.a.s are used in phase II reactions?

Answer 35

taurine & glycine

Question 36

Which a.a.s can be converted into propionyl CoA?

Answer 36

isoleucine, threonine, valine

Question 37

Which a.a. is incorporated into heme?

Answer 37

glycine

Question 38

Identify an a.a. that is transaminated with pyruvate in skeletal muscle?

Answer 38

alanine formed; from BCAAs

Question 39

Which a.a. is converted to toxic phenylketones with an enzyme defect?

Answer 39

phenylalanine

Question 40

Enzyme which assists in complete oxidation of some a.a. carbons in muscle & gut?

Answer 40

malic enzyme

Question 41

Which a.a. constitutes 50% of the a.a.s existing in skeletal muscle during fasting?

Answer 41

alanine & glutamine

Question 42

What is the vit most closely connected to amino group metabolism?

Answer 42

B6 (PLP)

Question 43

Residues of which a.a. are linked to biotin?

Answer 43

lysine

Question 44

which a.a residue is extensively used in metallothioneins?

Answer 44

cysteine

Question 45

Which a.a. can be depleted in heavy metal toxicity?

Answer 45

cysteine

Question 46

Which a.a. can be converted into neurotransmitter, GABA?

Answer 46

glutamate

Question 47

Major source of a.a.s produced in degradation of RBCs?

Answer 47

hemoglobin

Question 48

a.a. catabolism enzyme that is defective in maple syrup urine disease?

Answer 48

BCKADH (branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase)

Question 49

Ornithine is not an a.a. so it is not included on the chart: T or F?

Answer 49

FALSE - just not used in protein synthesis

Question 50

Biosyn of a.a.s requires a C skeleton & a source of _______?

Answer 50

Nitrogens

Question 51

Which a.a.s are spared by the liver following absorption from diet?

Answer 51

BCAAs

Question 52

Degradation of which a.a.s in skeletal muscle requires the use of 5 coenzymes before intermediates enter Krebs?

Answer 52

BCAAs--> keto acids NAD (B3, niacin), FAD (B2, riboflavin), lipoic acid (NOT A VITAMIN), Coenzyme A (pantothenic acid, B5), thiamine (TPP, B1)

Question 53

Which a.a. is used to construct the ring in CoQ10?

Answer 53

tyrosine & phenylalanine