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Biochem final > Amino Acids > Flashcards

Amino Acids Flashcards

0
Q

Which a.a. is a major precursor for gluconeogenesis?

A

alanine

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1
Q

What a.a. is wholly incorporated into purines?

A

glycine

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2
Q

Which a.a. is the major donor of 1-carbons to tetrahydrofolate?

A

serine, histadine, glycine & tryptophan

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3
Q

What a.a.s are components of glutathione?

A

cystine, glycine & glutamate

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4
Q

What a.a.s are referred to as BCAA?

A

isoleucine, leucine & valine

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5
Q

The a.a.s synthesized in a B12 mediated reaction is?

A

methionine

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6
Q

Which a.a. is a major fuel of enterocytes?

A

glutamine

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7
Q

Which a.a. are N carriers in the circulation?

A

glutamine & alanine

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8
Q

Which a.a. residues are hydroxylated in a vit C mediated process?

A

proline & lysine

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9
Q

Which a.a. is the precursor of serotonin?

A

tryptophan

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10
Q

Which a.a. is the precursor of melanins?

A

tyrosine

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11
Q

Which a.a. is a precursor catecholamines?

A

tyrosine

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12
Q

Which a.a. is a N donor to the urea cycle?

A

aspartate (direct), glutamate donates a N group

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13
Q

Which a.a. is wholly incorporated into pyrimidines?

A

aspartate (minus 1C)

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14
Q

Which a.a.s are N donors in purine synthesis?

A

glycine, aspartate & glutamine

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15
Q

Catabolism of which a.a. is impaired in phenylketonuria?

A

phenylalanine

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16
Q

Which a.a.s are the precursors of carnitine?

A

lysine & methionine

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17
Q

Which a.a. is a N donor in both purine & pyrimidine synthesis?

A

glutamine & aspartate

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18
Q

Which a.a. is a precursor for niacin?

A

tryptophan

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19
Q

Which a.a.s are most important at buffering at physiological pH?

A

histidine & cysteine

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20
Q

Which a.a. is a product of the urea cycle?

A

arginine

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21
Q

Which a.a.s can be de-aminated?

A

glutamine, glutamate, serine & threonine

22
Q

Which a.a.s are purely ketogenic?

A

leucine & lysine

23
Q

Which a.a. provides NH3 to buffer H+ in the kidneys?

24
Q

Which a.a. residues are targeted in Vit K mediated gamma-carboxylation rxns in the liver and bone?

A

glutamate (glutamic acid)

25
Q

Which a.a. is a component of SAM?

A

methionine

26
Q

When a.a.s are transaminated, they are converted into?

A

alpha-keto acids

27
Q

All of the aromatic acids are both _____ & _____

A

ketogenic & glucogenic

Tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine

28
Q

a.a.s are positive regulators of _____ release.

A

insulin & glucagon

29
Q

The essential a.a.s are _______?

A

PVT TIM HALL

30
Q

Which a.a. is a key fuel for immune system cells

31
Q

______ is produced in significant amount by gut bacteria & incorporated into urea?

32
Q

This a.a. is part of the structure of tetrahydrofolate

33
Q

Which a.a. can be synthesized from homocysteine?

A

methionine & cysteine

34
Q

which a.a is used in the conjugation of bile acids?

A

taurine & glycine

35
Q

Which a.a.s are used in phase II reactions?

A

taurine & glycine

36
Q

Which a.a.s can be converted into propionyl CoA?

A

isoleucine, threonine, valine

37
Q

Which a.a. is incorporated into heme?

38
Q

Identify an a.a. that is transaminated with pyruvate in skeletal muscle?

A

alanine formed; from BCAAs

39
Q

Which a.a. is converted to toxic phenylketones with an enzyme defect?

A

phenylalanine

40
Q

Enzyme which assists in complete oxidation of some a.a. carbons in muscle & gut?

A

malic enzyme

41
Q

Which a.a. constitutes 50% of the a.a.s existing in skeletal muscle during fasting?

A

alanine & glutamine

42
Q

What is the vit most closely connected to amino group metabolism?

43
Q

Residues of which a.a. are linked to biotin?

44
Q

which a.a residue is extensively used in metallothioneins?

45
Q

Which a.a. can be depleted in heavy metal toxicity?

46
Q

Which a.a. can be converted into neurotransmitter, GABA?

47
Q

Major source of a.a.s produced in degradation of RBCs?

A

hemoglobin

48
Q

a.a. catabolism enzyme that is defective in maple syrup urine disease?

A

BCKADH (branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase)

49
Q

Ornithine is not an a.a. so it is not included on the chart: T or F?

A

FALSE - just not used in protein synthesis

50
Q

Biosyn of a.a.s requires a C skeleton & a source of _______?

51
Q

Which a.a.s are spared by the liver following absorption from diet?

52
Q

Degradation of which a.a.s in skeletal muscle requires the use of 5 coenzymes before intermediates enter Krebs?

A

BCAAs–> keto acids
NAD (B3, niacin), FAD (B2, riboflavin), lipoic acid (NOT A VITAMIN), Coenzyme A (pantothenic acid, B5), thiamine (TPP, B1)

53
Q

Which a.a. is used to construct the ring in CoQ10?

A

tyrosine & phenylalanine

Biochem final (3 decks)

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