Amino Acids Flashcards
Memorize the Essential Amino Acids and the corresponding pertinent information
1
Q
Phenylalanine
A
- Not tolerated by people with errors of PHE metabolism
- Babies are given a PKU test to detect PHE metabolites in the urine so they can be treated
- combined with ASP in the common sweetener aspartame
2
Q
Valine
A
- Branched chain AA
- An “ideal protein” would contain 70-80% as much valine as lysine
- maple syrup urine disease is a rare inherited metabolic disease where valine, leucine, and isoleucine fail to breakdown
3
Q
Tryptophan
A
- SECOND most limiting AA in corn diets for pigs
- can be used to form vitamin niacin (but not relied upon)
- useful in aiding sleep
- Skatole and indole can be formed from its breakdown in the large intestine by bacteria, producing foul odors
4
Q
Threonine
A
- Would become a limiting AA in corn diets for pigs if high levels of lysine (and maybe TRP and MET) were supplemented replacing protein
5
Q
Isoleucine
A
- Brached chain AA
- An “ideal protein” would contain 1/2 as much isoleucine as lysine
-maple syrup urine disease is a rare inherited metabolic disease where valine, leucine, and isoleucine fail to breakdown
6
Q
Methionine
A
- Second limiting AA for POULTRY (b/c of connective tissue in feathers)
- Sulfur containing AA (portion of Met req. can be met from cystine)
- An “ideal protein” would contain 1/2 as much methionine + cystine as lysine
- both D and L isomers of met. are biologically active (only L version normally)
- participates in acting as a methyl donor, and is involved in the synthesis of Many important compounds in the body, including epinephrine and choline
7
Q
Histidine
A
- Contains an imidazole group
- An “ideal protein” would contain 33% (1/3) as much histidine as lysine
- Precursor of histamine
8
Q
Arginine
A
- involved in the urea cycle to detoxify ammonia by conversion to urea in the body
- other functions include keeping skin, liver, joints, & muscles healthy and strengthening the immune system
9
Q
Lysine
A
- THE MOST LIMITING AA in corn and most grains for swine and poultry.
- diets balanced for lysine will contain most of the other AA in excess of requirement if natural sources are used
- It can be supplemented in synthetic form, though only the L isomer is biologically active
10
Q
Leucine
A
- Abundant in corn protein and many other grain proteins, and is therefore not a concern to supplement
- only the L isomer has biological value
- “Ideal protein” would contain 100% as much leucine as lysine.
11
Q
PVT TIM HALL
A
Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan *
Isoleucine
Methionine *
Histidine
Arginine
Lysine *
Leucine
12
Q
What are the essential AA for baby chicks?
A
Proline and Glycine
