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BIOCHEM > AMINO ACIDS > Flashcards

AMINO ACIDS Flashcards

1
Q

What do you call the characteristic pH of amino acid wherein the net electric charge is zero?

A

Isoelectric point

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2
Q

Dopamine is the converted to noradrenaline by

A

Hydroxylating the β - carbon

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3
Q

What does the N stands for in the name of the enzyme Phenylalanine – N – methyl transferase?

A

The N indicates that the transfer is on the nitrogen group

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4
Q

This is formed when a methyl group was added to the amine group of phenylethanolamine

A

Noradrenaline

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5
Q

It is the hormone formed in the hydroxylation of the β – carbon of (Y)

A

Noradrenaline

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6
Q

It is the hormone that controls the pressure of blood through the kidneys

A

Dopamine

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7
Q

In the amine form of DOPA, what molecule was removed to become dopamine?

A

OH

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8
Q

It is the enzyme needed in the synthesis of (Y) to DOPA

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase

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9
Q

What is the expanded name of DOPA?

A

Dihydroxyphenylalanine

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10
Q

This process changes (Y) from being hydrophobic to hydrophilic (a massive negative charge)

A

Phosphorylation

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11
Q

It is a precursor in forming a group of
neurotransmitter e.g. dopamine

A

Catecholamines

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Two (2) substances are needed in the conversion of (F) TO (Y)

A

O2 and co-enzyme

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14
Q

This is the pigment which gives hair and skin their color

A

Melanin

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15
Q

(Y) is synthesized from (F), what is (Y)?

A

Tyrosine

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16
Q

It is an inherited disorder that increases the levels of (F) in the blood

A

PKU

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17
Q

It is the enzyme responsible for the first step in processing phenylalanine

A

PAH

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18
Q

This amino acid is used for depression, ADHD, Parkinson’s disease, chronic pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, and skin disease like vitiligo.

A

Phenylalanine

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19
Q

This molecule is very important in metabolism, wherein in the liver it can be made into glucose for transport to the muscle and the reverse process occurs in the muscles

A

Pyruvic acid

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20
Q

This molecule is part of the citric acid cycle, and this is where aspartic acid may enter the citric acid cycle that is used for generating energy

A

Oxaloacetic acid

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21
Q

This molecule is formed when ammonia is removed from alpha – carbon and replaced with a ketone group

A

Alpha-ketoglutaric acid

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22
Q

It is a ketone formation from amino acids

A

Deamination

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23
Q

Asparagine can be converted into Aspartate by this process

A

Hydrolyzing the amide bond

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24
Q

Where are the three (3) amino acids considered as aromatic?

A

Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine

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25
Q

The twenty (20) amino acid is divided into how many groups?

A

3

26
Q

Valine = Val : E = ?

A

Glutamate

27
Q

Glutamine = Gln : D = ?

A

Aspartate

28
Q

Threonine = Thr : Y = ?

A

Tyrosine

29
Q

It is the simplest among the non-polar aliphatic R - group of amino acids

A

Glycine

30
Q

What are the two functional groups present in amino acid?

A

Amine and carboxylic acid

31
Q

How many possible isomers can an amino acid form?

A

4

32
Q

What is the charge of the amine group in amino acid at physiological pH value?

A

Gain an extra proton and has a positive charge

33
Q

What is the physiological pH value?

A

pH 7.4

34
Q

This structure of amino acid predominates at physiological pH

A

Zwitterion

35
Q

The amino acids commonly dealt with in
biochemistry

A

Beta amino acids

36
Q

Alanine = Ala : R = ?

A

Arginine

37
Q

Serine = Ser : P = ?

A

Proline

38
Q

Isoleucine = Ile : W = ?

A

Tryptophan

39
Q

These are made from strings of amino acids linked together by amide bond between the alpha carboxyl and the alpha amino groups

A

Proteins

40
Q

Where do the process in making urea occur in the human system?

A

Liver

41
Q

What do you call an amino acid that has a
secondary primary amino group at the end position of its aliphatic chain?

A

Lysine

42
Q

What do you call an enzyme that is used in proteins to transfer methyl groups?

A

Methyl transferases

43
Q

Which among the choices below is used to treat asthma

A

Cysteine

44
Q

When sugar is attached to an amino acid, what do you call the bond formed?

A

O-glycosidic linkage

45
Q

When sugar is attached to proteins, it can attached to Serine or Threonine by what type of functional group?

A

Alcohol

46
Q

What is an amino acid that is an alanine derivative with a hydroxyl group attached to it?

A

Serine

47
Q

What is called a group of cells found in high
numbers just under epithelial surfaces that is a passage for histamine release?

A

Mast cells

48
Q

What is the only amino acid in proteins whose charge on the R - group is changed around physiological pH?

A

H

49
Q

What is the product in the decarboxylation of H?

A

Histamine

50
Q

What is the process in the formation of histamine?

A

Decarboxylation

51
Q

What is the chemical name of LSD?

A

Lysergic acid diethylamide

52
Q

What is the implication in the decrease of serotonin level in the human system?

A

Depressive state

53
Q

What chemical group from the alpha carbon is removed when an amino acid undergo decarboxylation?

A

CO2

54
Q

What is the chemical name of serotonin?

A

5-hydroxytryptamine

55
Q

What is the first stage in the synthesis of serotonin?

A

Hydroxylation

56
Q

What is the name of the amino acid that is
considered a very interesting amino acid because of the R - group circles around forming a bond with the amine group of the alpha carbon?

A

Proline

57
Q

What is the name of the amino acid that can be remembered easily because its R - group is an inverted V in chemical structure?

A

Valine

58
Q

Which among the choices below is an amino acid wherein the R - group is non-polar and hydrophobic that tends to cluster together with proteins, stabilizing protein structure by means of hydrophobic interactions?

A

Valine

59
Q

What is the name of this amino acid that contains a guanidinium group and its structure appears in the nucleoside base guanine found in DNA?

A

R

60
Q

What is formed when two (2) cysteine molecules are oxidized?

A

Disulfide bridge

BIOCHEM (7 decks)

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