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Amino acids Flashcards

1
Q

What are the positively charged amino acids?

A

Lysine
Histidine
Arginine

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2
Q

What are the negatively charged amino acids

A

Aspartic Acid
Glutamic Acid

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3
Q

Which amino acids have polar uncharged side chains?

A

Asparagine
Glutamine
Serine
Threonine

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4
Q

What are the non polar amino acids

A

Valine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Methionine
Tryptophan
Alanine
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine

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5
Q

Special Case amino acids

A

Glycine
Cysteine
Proline

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6
Q

What is the structure of Glycine?

A

most basic amino acid
has no side chain

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7
Q

What is the structure of Alanine?

A

methyl group side chain

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8
Q

What is the structure of Phenylalanine?

A

methyl group (alanine) + phenyl group side chain

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9
Q

What is the structure of Tyrosine?

A

Phenylalanine + hydroxyl group side chain

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10
Q

What is the structure of Valine?

A

CH(CH3)2
Isopropyl group side chain

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11
Q

What is the structure of Isoleucine?

A

CH(CH3)CH2CH3
Valine + methyl group

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12
Q

What is the structure of Leucine?

A

CH2CH(CH3)2
Isomer of Isoleucine

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13
Q

What is the structure of Methionine?

A

CH2CH2SCH3
Has a Sulphur atom

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14
Q

What is the structure of tryptophan?

A

Indole ring

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15
Q

What is the structure of Lysine?Important functions?

A

Lysine is positively charged amino acid
involved in histone methylation
- addition of methyl groups to lysine residue of histone tails (neutralise) -> unravels it from DNA
-> access to DNA strand for transcription

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16
Q

What is the structure of Histidine?

A

imidazole side chain

17
Q

What is the structure of Arginine?

18
Q

What is the structure of aspartic acid?

A

carboxylic acid group
CH2COOH

19
Q

What is the structure of Glutamic acid?

A

carboxylic acid group
CH2CH2COOH

20
Q

What is the structure of Asparagine?

A

carboxamide group
CH2CONH2

21
Q

What is the structure of Glutamine?

A

carboxamide group
CH2CH2CONH2

22
Q

What is the structure of cysteine?

A

CH2SH
thiol group

23
Q

What is the structure of Proline?

A

doesn’t contain amino group
pyrrolidine ring

24
Q

What is the structure of Serine?

A

CH2OH
hydroxymethyl group

25
What is the structure of threonine?
CH(OH)CH3 Serine + extra methyl group
26
Which amino acids are aromatic?
Phenylalanine Tyrosine Tryptophan
27
Which amino acids have a phenyl group?
Phenylalanine Tyrosine
28
Which amino acid has an indol ring?
Tryptophan
29
What is the relation between Asparagine/Glutamine with Aspartic acid and glutamic acid?
Asparagine/Glutamine are derivatives of aspartic acid/glutamic acid: carboxyamide instead of carboyxlic acid group
30
Which amino acids are phosphorylated and why?
Serine, Threonine and Tyrosine All contain a hydroxyl group

Biomolecules (4 decks)

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