Amino Acids Flashcards
What is the central dogma of biology?
DNA replicates and undergoes transcription to give rise to RNA.
RNA undergoes translation to code for proteins.
Describe the amino acid structure.
There is an amino group(NH2)
There is a carboxyl group(COOH)
There is a variant group (C)
How is a poly peptide formed?
A peptide bond is formed when water (H2O) is removed.
*Dehydration synthesis reaction
Describe the direction of a peptide chain.
It moves from the N terminal residue (amine group) to the C terminal residue (carboxyl group)
***the groups are changed by the movement of the zwitterion, however the idea still remains
State the classifications of amino acids.
Non polar
polar
Sulphur
Name non polar amino acids
Aromatic and Alkyl/Aliphatic
Name polar amino acids
Acidic, Basic and Neutral
Difference between polar and non polar amino acids.
Polar side chains contain oxygen **except for Cysteine
Non polar almost all contain C and H
State and explain the degrees of structure?
Primary : Sequence of chains of amino acids
Secondary : Local folding of the polypeptide chain into helices or sheets
Tertiary : Three dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions
Quaternary : Protein consisting of more that one amino acid chain.
Bonds of secondary structure
Hydrogen bonds
Bonds of tertiary structure
Hydrogen bonds
Disulfide linkage
Ionic bond
Hydrophobic interactions
**all held by a polypeptide backbone
What is denaturing?
Unfolding of a protein thus ridding it of its function.
Causes of denaturing on different levels
Temperature: 4°, 3°, 2°
pH: 3°, 4°
Chemicals: 4°, 3°, 2°
Enzymes: 4°, 3°, 2°, 1°
How does denaturing occur?
Temperature = increased energy, bonds break
pH = ionic side chains are disrupted; ↑pH = NH3+ > NH2; ↓ pH = COO- is converted to COOH
Chemicals = Hydrogen bonds
