Amino Acids

Question 1

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 1

20

Question 2

Peptide bond

Answer 2

A bond between an amino group ( n terminus) and a carboxyl group ( c terminus)

Question 3

Disulphide bond

Answer 3

A bond between sulphur groups that is usually formed following an oxidation reaction.

Question 4

G(gln)

Answer 4

Glutamine

Question 5

G(gly)

Answer 5

Glycine

Question 6

V(Val)

Answer 6

Valine

Question 7

Phosphomimetic

Answer 7

Amino acids that mimic phosphorylated amino acids when activated. This is seen in glutamate and aspartate, the activated forms of glutamine and asparagine respectively.

Question 8

Chiral

Answer 8

When there are 4 different structures bound to an alpha protein.

Question 9

Non-polar amino acids

Answer 9

Any amino acid that has an overall equal charge

Question 10

Which types of amino acids can undergo phosphorylation

Answer 10

Amino acids with and OH group in their side chain

Question 11

Side chain

Answer 11

Makes the amino acid unique and determines the property of the amino acids.

Question 12

List 5 types of amino acids

Answer 12

Aromatic
Neutral
Acidic 
Basic
Alkyl

Question 13

T/F

All amino acids have a carboxyl group

Answer 13

True

Question 14

C(cys)

Answer 14

Cysteine

Question 15

H(his)

Answer 15

Histidine

Question 16

N(asn)

Answer 16

Asparagine

Question 17

M(met)

Answer 17

Methionine

Question 18

W(trp)

Answer 18

Tryptophan

Question 19

T/F

All amino acids are hydrophobic

Answer 19

False.
Only non-polar amino acids are hydrophobic. Polar amino acids like to interact with other polar molecules and are therefore hydrophilic.

Question 20

T/F

Histidine has an overall positive charge

Answer 20

False

Histidine is a base, but it is an exception to the rule as it has neutral charges.

Question 21

Anion

Answer 21

Negatively charged atom

Question 22

Cation

Answer 22

Positively charged atom

Question 23

Phosphatase

Answer 23

A component involved in dephosphorylation

Question 24

T/F

Carboxylic acids are hydrogen accepting

Answer 24

False

Carboxylic acids are hydrogen donating, while nitrogens are hydrogen accepting.

Question 25

L/D amino acid

Answer 25

Shows the side on the Fisher projection where the amino group is located. E.g L amino acid means there is an amino group on the left side of the amino group.

Question 26

Why are di-sulphide bonds relevant in proteins?

Answer 26

Disulphide bonds are important for the strength and integrity of proteins and this process is commonly seen with tertiary and quaternary proteins. One such example is the transition from cysteine to cystine, which requires the removal of a hydrogen atom in exchange for a bond. This explains the rigidity in human hair.

Question 27

T(thr)

Answer 27

Threonine

Question 28

E(glu)

Answer 28

Glutamate

Question 29

D(asp)

Answer 29

Aspartate

Question 30

K(Lys)

Answer 30

Lysine

Question 31

S(ser)

Answer 31

Serine

Question 32

P(pro)

Answer 32

Proline

Question 33

I(ile)

Answer 33

Isoleucine

Question 34

A(alu)

Answer 34

Alanine

Question 35

F(phe)

Answer 35

Phenylalanine

Question 36

R(arg)

Answer 36

Arginine

Question 37

L(leu)

Answer 37

Leucine