Amino acids Flashcards

1
Q

proteins are chains of

A

amino acids

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2
Q

changing polar to nonpolar amino acid can cause

A

sickle cell anemia (from glutamic acid to valine)

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3
Q

building block of protein

A

amino acid

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4
Q

how many naturally occurring amino acids do we have

A

20

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5
Q

proteins are macromolecules that have amino acid polymers joint together by______ bonds

A

covalent

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6
Q

amino acids make linear molecule a polymer that can fold into

A

three dimensional structure

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7
Q

if a normal protein is heated, had a pH change, salt or has been shaken mechanically, it will

A

loose its function and become denatured protein

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8
Q

basic components of an amino acid

A
Carbon in the middle
amine group
carboxyl group (acid group)
hydrogen
side chain
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9
Q

how do we differentiate amino acids types?

A

by the side chain

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10
Q

what can a side chain contain in an amino acid?

A
alkyl group
aromatic compounds
amino groups
carboxyl groups
hydroxyl groups
sulfur-containing groups
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11
Q

how many amino acids that are hydrophobic

A

9

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12
Q

how many amino acids that are hydrophilic

A

11

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13
Q

how to determine hydrophobic proteins

A

tend to cluster on the inside of the molecule

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14
Q

amino acids are classified as hydrophobic when the side chains are

A

alkyl groups
hydrogen
aromatic

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15
Q

hydrophobic (non polar) R groups:

A
Glycine
Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Proline
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16
Q

Glycine contain?

17
Q

Alanine contains?

18
Q

Valine contains?

A

3 methyl groups

19
Q

leucine contains?

A

4 Methyl groups

20
Q

Isoleucine contains?

A

its an isomer of leucine that contains 4 methyl groups

21
Q

methionine contains?

A

sulfur and methyl

22
Q

phenylalanine contains?

A

Has a benzene ring

similar to alanine but in addition it has benzene ring

23
Q

Tryptophan contains?

A

has a benzene ring

similar to alanine but in addition it has double benzene ring

24
Q

Proline contains?

A

forms a cyclic structure that is linked to amine group

most unusual

25
amino acids are classified as Hydrophilic when the side chains are
Alcohols thiols amides
26
polar (hydrophilic) Neutral side chains
``` Serine Threonine Tyrosine Cysteine Asparagine Glutamine ```
27
Serine contains?
alchohol side chain
28
Threonine contains
alchohol and a methyl
29
Tyrosine contains
alchohol and a benzene ring
30
cysteine contains
thiol group | can covalently link to another group of cysteine and form a disulfite bridge
31
Does asparagine contain?
32
Asparagine contain?
Amide side chain one methyl
33
Glutamine Contains?
amide side chain two methyl
34
Polar acidic (negatively charged) are
aspartic acid | glutamic acid