Amino acids Flashcards
proteins are chains of
amino acids
changing polar to nonpolar amino acid can cause
sickle cell anemia (from glutamic acid to valine)
building block of protein
amino acid
how many naturally occurring amino acids do we have
20
proteins are macromolecules that have amino acid polymers joint together by______ bonds
covalent
amino acids make linear molecule a polymer that can fold into
three dimensional structure
if a normal protein is heated, had a pH change, salt or has been shaken mechanically, it will
loose its function and become denatured protein
basic components of an amino acid
Carbon in the middle amine group carboxyl group (acid group) hydrogen side chain
how do we differentiate amino acids types?
by the side chain
what can a side chain contain in an amino acid?
alkyl group aromatic compounds amino groups carboxyl groups hydroxyl groups sulfur-containing groups
how many amino acids that are hydrophobic
9
how many amino acids that are hydrophilic
11
how to determine hydrophobic proteins
tend to cluster on the inside of the molecule
amino acids are classified as hydrophobic when the side chains are
alkyl groups
hydrogen
aromatic
hydrophobic (non polar) R groups:
Glycine Alanine Valine Leucine Isoleucine Methionine Phenylalanine Tryptophan Proline
Glycine contain?
hydrogen
Alanine contains?
1 methyl
Valine contains?
3 methyl groups
leucine contains?
4 Methyl groups
Isoleucine contains?
its an isomer of leucine that contains 4 methyl groups
methionine contains?
sulfur and methyl
phenylalanine contains?
Has a benzene ring
similar to alanine but in addition it has benzene ring
Tryptophan contains?
has a benzene ring
similar to alanine but in addition it has double benzene ring
Proline contains?
forms a cyclic structure that is linked to amine group
most unusual
amino acids are classified as Hydrophilic when the side chains are
Alcohols
thiols
amides
polar (hydrophilic) Neutral side chains
Serine Threonine Tyrosine Cysteine Asparagine Glutamine
Serine contains?
alchohol side chain
Threonine contains
alchohol and a methyl
Tyrosine contains
alchohol and a benzene ring
cysteine contains
thiol group
can covalently link to another group of cysteine and form a disulfite bridge
Does asparagine contain?
Asparagine contain?
Amide side chain one methyl
Glutamine Contains?
amide side chain two methyl
Polar acidic (negatively charged) are
aspartic acid
glutamic acid
