amino acid structure and levels Flashcards
What are the 4 levels of structure?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary
What are some similarities between amino acids?
All amino acids have a central C, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a hydrogen
What are some differences between amino acids?
An amino acids’ side chain differs from amino acid to amino acid. This also determines if the amino acid is nonpolar, polar, acidic, or basic.
What happens during protein denaturation?
Specific conditions disrupt hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds, essentially “unfolding” the structure
What are some conditions that cause denaturation?
- very high temperature
- pH (extreme low/high)
- salinity (very high salt)
How is tertiary structure formed by hydrophobic interactions?
side chains cluster away from water, the inside of the structure
How is tertiary structure formed by hydrophillic interactions?
side chains form hydrogen bonds with the water
How is tertiary structure formed by acidic and basic interactions?
side chains form ionic bonds
How is tertiary structure formed by cysteine interactions?
form disulfide bridge
How do you determine if a side chain is nonpolar, polar, acidic, or basic?
nonpolar - These contain mainly C and H and have no charges
polar - contain some sort of polar functional group
acidic - contain a charged carboxyl group. is negatively charged
basic - contain a charged amino. is positively charged
What are the main types of proteins and what are their functions?
enzymes - cut and join the molecules of life,
hormones - carry molecular messages through blood, infrastructure - support and move cells,
antibodies - defend and recognize pathogens,
transport - control movement of materials in and out of cells
True or False:
All proteins have a quaternary level
false; not all have this level
True or False:
all amino acids have a central H group
false; all amino acids have a central C group
