Amino Acid Metabolism

Question 1

Structural components of AA

Answer 1

Question 2

Name the 5 hydrophilic AA and 6 hydrophobic AA

Answer 2

Question 3

AA:

a) name hydrophilicand hydrophobis
b) name 2 positively charged and 3 negatively charged
c) name AA with special features (3)

Answer 3

Question 4

What bonds join AA?

Answer 4

Question 5

AA: name terminus

Answer 5

Question 6

a) sources of AA
b) When AA is used as energy source

C) what needs to happen before AA is used as energy source?

Answer 6

Question 7

What can AA be a source of?

a) what are the 4 things this source provides for other compounds?

Answer 7

Question 8

a) where is dietary protein degraded?
b) how is it degraded?

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the type of enzyme that degrades protein to AA and short peptides?

Name 3 and their mechanisms:

Answer 9

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

a) tpe of degradation that occurs in AA
b) 3 instances when AA is degraded

Answer 12

Question 13

2 stages of AA degradation

Answer 13

Question 14

a) what results in oxidation of AA
b) where do these products go?

Answer 14

Question 15

a) 2 AA that play critical role in Nitrogen metabolism
b) Location and how G____ is formed
c) What happens to excess ammonia?
d) where does ammonia from muscle travel to?
e) How does ammonia travel to bloodstream?

Answer 15

Question 16

a) what transports amino groups?
b) where do amino groups go?
c) what are carriers of ammonia in glucose ammonia cycle?

Answer 16

Question 17

Urea cycle

a) what does it produce
b) location
c) 5 steps

Answer 17

Question 18

What affects regulation of urea cycle

Which enzyme is regulated?

Answer 18

Question 19

a) second step of AA degradation
b) Number of pathway of AA degradtion
c) Where doe c-skeleton go?
d) what process do products of AA go to? (Name them)

Answer 19

Question 20

a) based on products produced what can AA be classified as?

Name these products

Answer 20

Question 21

a) In AA degradation transamination is?
b) What is the amino donor?
c) What coenzyme is involved?

Answer 21

Question 22

What is the role of transamination?

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

a) in AA degradation what does Glutamate function as?
b) What is the 3 step process of Glytamate and release of ammonia?
c) transdeamination is what?

Answer 24

Question 25

a) what form is AA excreted ad? b) what is the path of a-ketoglutarate?

Answer 25

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

a) what is caused by defect in 1st step of Phe degradation in AA? b) name what build up is involved c) impairment d) control

Answer 27

Question 28

Overview of Nittrogen metabolism a) Nitrogen is required for biosynthesis of what? b) what maintains Nitrogen availability? c) can humans use N2? d) What is N fixation? e) nitrogen cycle d) name biological nitrogens ources ( 3)

Answer 28

Question 29

2 main enzymes that convert NH4 to AA?

Answer 29

Question 30

How is ammonia incorporated to biomolecules (AA)

Answer 30

Question 31

What enzyme is most important for N metabolism in AA? What is main pathway that incorporates NH4 for AA synthesis?

Answer 31

Question 32

In AA synthesis how is N metabolism regulated?

Answer 32

Question 33

Essential and non essential AA

Answer 33

Question 34

a) where are all AA intermediates derived from? b) Whar are the biosynthetic precursors of AA (6)

Answer 34

Question 35

What doe AA intermediates from?

Answer 35

Question 36

How is AA biosynthesis regulated?

Answer 36

Question 37

SUMMARY OF AA DEGRADATION 1. AA source 2. 1st step of AA catabolism 3. Mammals and ammonia 4. AA degradation 5. AA yields SUMMARY OF AA SYNTHESIS 1. source of N through 2. Intermediates derived from 3. Bacteria vs mammals

Answer 37