Amines, Amino Acids And Polymers

Question 1

What are amines

Answer 1

Organic compounds derived from ammonia NH3, one of more H atoms have been replaced by a carbon chain or ring

Question 2

Simplest aliphatic amine

Answer 2

Methylamine CH3NH2

Question 3

Simplest aromatic amine

Answer 3

Phenylamine C6H5NH2

Question 4

Primary secondary and tertiary aliphatic amines

Answer 4

See card 1

Question 5

Naturally occurring amines

Answer 5

Serotonin; neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contraction and depression
Pseudoephedrine; ingredient in decongestion medications

Question 6

How to name primary amines

Answer 6

Primary amine with -NH2 at end of chain: add -amine to name of alkyl chain
Primary amine with -NH2 on any other carbon: prefix amino and number to indicate position of this group
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Question 7

How to name secondary or tertiary amines containing same alkyl group

Answer 7

Prefixes di- or tri- used to indicate no. of alkyl groups attached to N
E. G (CH3)2NH is dimethylamine
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Question 8

How to name amine with two or more different groups attached to N atom

Answer 8

Compound named N-substituted derivative of larger group

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Question 9

WHat happens when amine accepts a proton

Answer 9

Dative covalent bond is formed between the lone pair of electrons on N atom and the proton
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Question 10

Salt formation of amines

Answer 10

Amines are bases and neutralise acids to make salts

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Question 11

Formation of primary amines

Answer 11

Ammonia has lone pair of e on N atom which allows ammonia to act as nucleophile in substitution reaction with haloalkane
Product of reaction: ammonium salt
Aqueous alkali added to generate amine from salt
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Question 12

Formation of secondary and tertiary amines

Answer 12

See card 6

Question 13

Why can u not make pure primary amine

Answer 13

Product still contains lone pair of e on N atom that can further react with a haloalkane to form a secondary amine

Question 14

Prep of aromatic amines

Answer 14

Phenylamine C6H5NH2 made by reduction of nitrobenzene C6H5NO2
See card 7

Question 15

General formula of alpha amino acid

Answer 15

RCH(NH2)COOH

Question 16

Less common amino acids

Answer 16

Amine group connected to B carbon atom (3rd C atom) and Y carbon atom (4th C atom)

Question 17

Why do amino acids have similar reactions to both carboxylic acids and amines

Answer 17

Have both an acidic COOH and basic NH2 functional group

Question 18

Reaction of amine group of amino acid

Answer 18

Amine group is basic and reacts with acids to make salts

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Question 19

Reactions of carboxylic acid group in amino acids

Answer 19

Carboxylic acid can react with alkalis to form salts and with alcohols to form esters
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Question 20

Esterification with alcohols

Answer 20

Amino acids easily esterified by heating with excess alcohol in presence of conc H2SO4
Acidic conditions protonate basic amine group of Ester
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Question 21

Amide groups are common in nature e.g.

Answer 21

In proteins amine and carboxylic acid groups of amino acids are bonded together to form amide groups

Question 22

Primary secondary and tertiary amides

Answer 22

See card 11

Question 23

Optical isomerism is a type of

Answer 23

Stereoisomer

Question 24

Optical isomerism is found in molecules which…..

Answer 24

Contain a chiral centre
In organic chem this is a carbon atom that is attached to 4 different atoms or groups of atoms
Choral Carbon atoms exist widely in naturally occurring organic molecules

Question 25

Presence of chiral carbon atom leads to

Answer 25

Existence of 2 non superimposable mirror image structures. These 2 molecules known as optical isomers or enantiomers

Question 26

Example of chirality

Answer 26

See card 12

Question 27

Is chirality only reserved for C atoms?

Answer 27

No, term applies to any centre that holds attachments that can be arranged as 2 non superimposable mirror image forms

Question 28

How to identify chiral centres in molecules

Answer 28

See card 13

Question 29

2 important condensation polymers

Answer 29

Polyesters and polyamides | Carb acids and their derivatives are common starting materials for their prep

Question 30

Two ways to make polyesters

Answer 30

Monomers are joined together by Ester linkages in long chain to form polymer Made by 1. One monomer containing both carb acid and alcohol group 2. Two monomers one containing 2 carb acid groups and other containing 2 alcohol groups

Question 31

Polyesters made from one monomer contains 2 different functional groups

Answer 31

See card 14 | Both PGA and PLA (polylactic acid) are biodegradable polymers

Question 32

Polyester made from 2 monomers each containing two functional groups

Answer 32

See card 15

Question 33

Polyamides

Answer 33

Condensation polymers formed when monomers joined by amide linkages in long chain Made two ways: 1. One monomer containing both carb acid (or acyl chloride) and an amine group 2. 2 monomers one containing 2 carb acids (or acyl chlorides) and other containing 2 amine groups

Question 34

Polyamide made from one monomer with two functional groups

Answer 34

Form polypeptides or proteins | See card 16

Question 35

Polyamide made from two monomers each with two functional groups

Answer 35

See card 17

Question 36

Acid and base hydrolysis or polyesters

Answer 36

See card 18

Question 37

Hydrolysing polyamides

Answer 37

See card 19