Amines, Amino Acids And Polymers Flashcards
What are amines
Organic compounds derived from ammonia NH3, one of more H atoms have been replaced by a carbon chain or ring
Simplest aliphatic amine
Methylamine CH3NH2
Simplest aromatic amine
Phenylamine C6H5NH2
Primary secondary and tertiary aliphatic amines
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Naturally occurring amines
Serotonin; neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contraction and depression
Pseudoephedrine; ingredient in decongestion medications
How to name primary amines
Primary amine with -NH2 at end of chain: add -amine to name of alkyl chain
Primary amine with -NH2 on any other carbon: prefix amino and number to indicate position of this group
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How to name secondary or tertiary amines containing same alkyl group
Prefixes di- or tri- used to indicate no. of alkyl groups attached to N
E. G (CH3)2NH is dimethylamine
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How to name amine with two or more different groups attached to N atom
Compound named N-substituted derivative of larger group
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WHat happens when amine accepts a proton
Dative covalent bond is formed between the lone pair of electrons on N atom and the proton
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Salt formation of amines
Amines are bases and neutralise acids to make salts
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Formation of primary amines
Ammonia has lone pair of e on N atom which allows ammonia to act as nucleophile in substitution reaction with haloalkane
Product of reaction: ammonium salt
Aqueous alkali added to generate amine from salt
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Formation of secondary and tertiary amines
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Why can u not make pure primary amine
Product still contains lone pair of e on N atom that can further react with a haloalkane to form a secondary amine
Prep of aromatic amines
Phenylamine C6H5NH2 made by reduction of nitrobenzene C6H5NO2
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General formula of alpha amino acid
RCH(NH2)COOH
Less common amino acids
Amine group connected to B carbon atom (3rd C atom) and Y carbon atom (4th C atom)
Why do amino acids have similar reactions to both carboxylic acids and amines
Have both an acidic COOH and basic NH2 functional group
Reaction of amine group of amino acid
Amine group is basic and reacts with acids to make salts
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Reactions of carboxylic acid group in amino acids
Carboxylic acid can react with alkalis to form salts and with alcohols to form esters
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Esterification with alcohols
Amino acids easily esterified by heating with excess alcohol in presence of conc H2SO4
Acidic conditions protonate basic amine group of Ester
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Amide groups are common in nature e.g.
In proteins amine and carboxylic acid groups of amino acids are bonded together to form amide groups
Primary secondary and tertiary amides
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Optical isomerism is a type of
Stereoisomer
Optical isomerism is found in molecules which…..
Contain a chiral centre
In organic chem this is a carbon atom that is attached to 4 different atoms or groups of atoms
Choral Carbon atoms exist widely in naturally occurring organic molecules
Presence of chiral carbon atom leads to
Existence of 2 non superimposable mirror image structures. These 2 molecules known as optical isomers or enantiomers
Example of chirality
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Is chirality only reserved for C atoms?
No, term applies to any centre that holds attachments that can be arranged as 2 non superimposable mirror image forms
How to identify chiral centres in molecules
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2 important condensation polymers
Polyesters and polyamides
Carb acids and their derivatives are common starting materials for their prep
Two ways to make polyesters
Monomers are joined together by Ester linkages in long chain to form polymer
Made by 1. One monomer containing both carb acid and alcohol group
2. Two monomers one containing 2 carb acid groups and other containing 2 alcohol groups
Polyesters made from one monomer contains 2 different functional groups
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Both PGA and PLA (polylactic acid) are biodegradable polymers
Polyester made from 2 monomers each containing two functional groups
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Polyamides
Condensation polymers formed when monomers joined by amide linkages in long chain
Made two ways:
1. One monomer containing both carb acid (or acyl chloride) and an amine group
2. 2 monomers one containing 2 carb acids (or acyl chlorides) and other containing 2 amine groups
Polyamide made from one monomer with two functional groups
Form polypeptides or proteins
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Polyamide made from two monomers each with two functional groups
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Acid and base hydrolysis or polyesters
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Hydrolysing polyamides
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