Amines

Question 1

What are amines

Answer 1

Substituted ammonia compounds (NH3)

Question 2

How many R groups does primary amines have

Answer 2

1

Question 3

How many R groups does secondary amines have

Answer 3

2

Question 4

How many R groups does tertiary amines have

Answer 4

3

Question 5

What are the 4y amines called

Answer 5

Ammonium salt

Question 6

2 ways 1y amines can be prepared

Answer 6

From halogenoalkanes by nucleophilic substitution

Reduction of aliphatic nitriles and aryl nitrates

Question 7

Which is most reliable method of preparing 1y amines

Answer 7

Reduction

Question 8

How is ammonia used in nucleophilic substitution

Answer 8

It has a lone pair of electrons so it acts as a nucleophile and a base

Question 9

Define a nucleophile

Answer 9

Electron pair donor

Question 10

What is a base

Answer 10

Proton acceptor

Question 11

When may a side reaction occur from halogenoalkanes

Answer 11

If ammonia isn’t present in sufficient quantities to trap the startin material (haloalkane) as the amine still has a lone pair on the N (nucleophile)

Question 12

What is limited if there is excess NH3

Answer 12

Limited haloalkane

Question 13

What are the reducing agents that can be used to produce 1y amines

Answer 13

LiAlH4 [H] and dilute acid (HCl)

Ni catalyst with H2(g)

Question 14

What are the reagents for reduction of aryl nitrates to produce 1y amines

Answer 14

Fe/Sn

With concentrated HCl

Question 15

What is use of aryl amines

Answer 15

Azo dyes

Question 16

How can amines behave with transition metals

Why

Answer 16

As ligands due to the lone pair of electrons

Question 17

What bases are amines (protons acceptors)

Answer 17

Bronstead-Lowry bases

Question 18

What acids are amines (electron pair donor)

Answer 18

Lewis Acid

Question 19

What is formed between the lone pair on nitrogen and the proton when an amine accepts a proton

Answer 19

A dative covalent bond

Question 20

In water the solution of amines is what ph

Why

Answer 20

Alkaline

Hydroxide ions are generated

Question 21

the amines dissolve in dilute acid due to the formation of what

Answer 21

A soluble ionic salt

Behave as bases and react as acids to form salts

Question 22

When may an amine have a stronger base strength

Answer 22

If the lone pair on the N is more available (electron dense)

Question 23

What type of amine is most likely to bond with H+

Answer 23

Tertiary

Question 24

What bases are more likely to accept a proton

Answer 24

Stronger bases

Question 25

What increases the ability for an amine to accept a H+

Answer 25

The inductive effect that pushes electron density towards the N

Question 26

In (aromatic) aryl amines why is the lone pair less available to bond with a H+

Answer 26

As the lone pair interacts with delocalised pi electrons of the benzene ring and gets incorporated in the ring (partially delocalised in ring)

Question 27

What amines are weaker than ammonia

Answer 27

Aryl amines

Question 28

Why is phenylmethyl amine aromatic but has a base strength more similar to the aliphatic amines

Answer 28

As the lone pair of the N is too far away from the benzene ring

Question 29

What are quaternary ammonium salts used as

How

Answer 29

Catonic surfactants in fabric and hair conditioners

Coating surface with positive charges, reducing static

Question 30

What are amines used in the manufacture of (2)

Answer 30

Polymers

Drugs (tranquillisers / painkillers)

Question 31

What 2 things can amines react with

Answer 31

Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides

Question 32

What is used as the solvent in nucleophilic substitution

Why

Answer 32

Ethanol

Prevents any substitution of the haloalkane by water to produce alcohols

Question 33

How is phenylamine made

Answer 33

Reduction of nitrobenzene

Heated under reflux with tin and HCl

Question 34

How is a 2y amine obtained from an ammonium salt

Answer 34

Reacting with NaOH