Amines

Question 1

Describe an amine as a base

Answer 1

An amine has a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom therefore it is able to donate a lone pair of electrons (lewis base)
It is able to accept a proton (bronsted-Lowry base) has

Question 2

Describe a primary amine

Answer 2

One hydrogen atom is substituted for a R group

Draw this

Question 3

Describe a secondary amine

Answer 3

Two hydrogen atoms are substituted for 2 R groups

DRAW THIS

Question 4

Describe a tertiary amine

Answer 4

3 hydrogen atoms have been substituted for 3 R groups

Draw this

Question 5

Write formation of alkylammnium salts with HCL
HNO3
H2SO4

Answer 5

Write these

Question 6

How to make a primary amine

Answer 6

Sealed tube
- haloalkane
 - ammonia
- ethanol
Heated together to make an amine
- reflux cannot be used as the ammonia is so volatile it would escape out of a condenser than react

Question 7

What type of reaction is making a primary amine

Answer 7

Nucleophillic substitution

Question 8

Write the equations for making a primary amine

Answer 8

Write them and additional substitutions

Question 9

Why can further substitution occur when making an amine

Answer 9

Because amines have lone pairs of electrons on the nitrogen atom that can act as a nucleophille

Question 10

What is produced by making an amine and how can this be reversed

Answer 10

Mixture of products is produced
The reaction is reversible so adding excess ammonia favours the primary amine whereas adding excess haloalkane favours the quaternary salt

Question 11

Preparation of aromatic amines

Answer 11

• in situ
• concentrated HCl
• tin
• under reflux
• after about half an hour add a strong alkali such as NaOH this removes the excess HCl and produces an amine
  Then separate
• steam distillation
• solvent extraction
• further distillation