AMH2020 Final Exam Flashcards
What was the migration of African Americans from the South to the North and Midwest
The Great Migration
Revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics and scholarship centered in Harlem
The Harlem Renaissance
Who was the leader of the Harlem Renaissance and wrote numerous plays and poems
Langston hughes
Who were Flappers?
Young women in the time. Who were vocal and aggressive with engagement and culture who rejected old Victorian values and lived in the public space and embrace sexuality.
What were the economic troubles of the US in the 1920s?
Overproduction of goods, agriculture, and finance in the stock market
What was Christian Fundamentalism?
Conservative Evangelical Protestants who supported the principles expounded in The Fundamentals
Who was Zora Neale Hurston?
African American author who portrayed african American struggle in the South with her research on hoodoo
Why did the stock market crash?
Deregulation, loose credit, and margin buying lead to margin buyers demanding people repay their loans and led to the crash.
-Fed Response–was by tightening the money supply, and Hoover, an orphan and self-made millionaire responded with aloof “trickle-down” politics. He sent McArthur, Eisenhower, and Patton to deal with homeless veterans, a.k.a the Bonus Army
Herbert Hoover
Republican (1929-1934)
Followed Associationism-where it was up to society to manage things through volunteering, leading to mass unemployment and a failed presidency
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Democrat (1933-1935)
-In the First 100 days, instituted the New Deal from the Brain Trust which focused on: Agricultural overproduction, business failures, and unemployment
-Utilized fireside chats to talk to the public
-Later introduced the Second New Deal
Huey Long
Most dangerous political figure of the 20th with radical proposals for social reform
-later assassinated
-Political platform: Share our Wealth: Every Man a King
When did the Stock Market Crash occur?
October 29th, 1929 where 10% of the nations wealth was lost in a single day
Bonus Army
(1932): More than 15000 unemployed veterans camped in “Hoovervilles” in DC and demanded their bonuses. The army forcibly removed them
The Dust Bowl
severe drought and ecological collapse in the Midwest from Hoover
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
restore agricultural prosperity
Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)
distribute money to the states for relief
Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC)
provides national conservation work to young unmarried men
Public Works Administration (PWA)
reduce unemployment and increase purchasing power through the construction of highways and public building
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
to help face problems with the valley by providing electricity to homes and replanting forests
National Recovery Act (NRA)
reduce unfair wages and maximum hours and reduce unemployment
Social Security Act (SSA)
social insurance to pay retired workers aged 65 and older
National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)
Created a standard of union representation
Works Progress Administration
jobs created through public works projects
Fair Labor Standards Act
established minimum wage and safe working conditions for young children
Appeasement
letting Germany get away with things until Britain needed to get involved
Nazi ideology
establishment of the Third Reich
-secure Lebensraum
-vilify, segregate, and conduct war on the Jewish people
The Fall of France
Germany and France had comparable numbers of troops but Germany held advantages including its air force, more advanced organization and concentration at the point of attack, improved communication and coordination in units, and an aggressive doctrine of offensive warfare with the aforementioned technology and organization
Battle of Midway
(June 1942)
-most important naval battle of the Pacific campaign by defeating Japanese NAvy
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
1945
Panzer division
combinations of troops and weapons in a fast manner of creating points of attack
Lebensraum and Blitzkreig
German expansionism and lightning war
Land Lease Act
US and Brit system that supplied war supplies to nations defending the US
Normandy, D-Day, Battle of the Bulge
US troops landed in France which led to the German counteroffensive called the Battle of the Bulge
US domestic War effort
Unprecedented economic growth from the GD to WWII with manufacturing and industry rising
Battle of Stalingrad and Kursk
Both battles between the USSR and Germany
-During Stalingrad, 2.5 million people died
Rosie the Riveter
Promoted women in factories
38th Parallel and Korean War
Line that divided North and South Korea and a short war which led to an armistace
Containment policy
policy to ensure limiting effect of Communism
Berlin Blockade and Airlift
Blockade dividing East and West Germany until it was lifted by the Soviets in May of 1949
1947-1949 chilling events
Tensions in Poland
large armies and powerful weapons
Trumans intent on being anti Communist
Truman Doctrine
Berlin Blockade
NATO
NATO
coaliton of countries ensuring peace but led to:
-formation of german democratic republic, USSR testing A bombs, Communist revolution in China
Truman Doctrine
US no longer wants USSR to expand
Domino theory
revolts under soviet intent will spread to neighboring countries
Red Scare and McCarthyism
internal communist threat in the US and idea of being called out for being Communist
Marshall Plan and rebuilding of Japan
provided money from the US to rebuild post war europe however, no money went to Japan
Double V campaign
Designed to pressure the U.S. government into desegregating the armed forces and providing fair working opportunities for African Americans.
1954 Brown vs. Board of Education
declared state laws establishing separate public schools for Black and white students to be unconstitutional, overturning the previous “separate but equal” doctrine
Rosa Parks and 1955 Montegomery Bus Boycott
boycott led by MLK after Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat and lasted a year until a Supreme Court ruling declaring segregation on public buses unconstitutional.
1961 CORE and Freedom Rides
Congress of Racial Equality led a series of integrated bus trips through the South to challenge segregation in interstate transportation
SNCC and local communities voter registration
SNCC organizers, often comprised of young students, worked tirelessly to empower African Americans in the South to register to vote, facing significant opposition and violence. Their efforts were instrumental in expanding political participation and challenging systemic racial discrimination in the electoral process.
MLK, Malcolm X, Ella Baker, Fannie Lou Hamer, Lyndon B Johnson
- MLK: Prominent in CRM and utilized non violent (ASSIMILATIONIST) ideology
- Malcolm X: Focused on nationalist approach by doing it yourself as well as his Bullet Speech
- Ella Baker: played a vital role in fostering grassroots activism, notably with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
- Fannie Lou Hamer: a civil rights activist, focused on voting rights and co-founded the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.
- President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, pivotal legislative achievements in the fight against racial discrimination.
1963 March on Washington
Played crucial role in the ultimate creation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and where MLK gave his “I Have a Dream” speech
1963 Birmingham Campaign
Led by Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), the campaign aimed to challenge racial segregation and discrimination in one of the most racially divided cities in the United States.
1964 Freedom Summer and the
Freedom Summer was a voter registration and education project in Mississippi organized by civil rights organizations, including the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). The goal was to address the systematic denial of voting rights to African Americans in Mississippi and increase their political participation.
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
MFDP was an alternative to the racist Democratic Party in Mississippi that was helped by Fannie Lou
The MFDP emerged during the Freedom Summer, a voter registration and education campaign organized by civil rights groups
Civil Rights Act of 1964
prohibited discrimination in public places, and provided integration in schools
Voting Rights Act of 1965
outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states
The New Rights
refers to a conservative political movement that gained prominence during this decade. The New Right played a significant role in shaping the political landscape, especially during the presidency of Ronald Reagan for SOCIAL CONSERVATISM
The Southern Strategy
Exchange explicitly racist language and calls for segregation for…
Propagandize “high taxes,” “government waste,” “welfare,” “urban crime,” and drugs
Ability to turn millions of people from one party to another (in response to anti-war protests) Democratic to Republican Party. Response to a growing number of Americans (mostly young high college students) against the war.
-Started from George Wallace
George Wallace
Ran for President with Reagan and Nixon and started the Southern Strategy
Richard Nixon
Known for Watergate and Vietnamization which withdrew troops and instead gave weapons
Election of 1980
Reagan won and announces candidacy in Philadelphia
Trickle Down Economics
Gives subsidies and other incentives to the wealthy in hopes it would trickle down to the lower populations
Individualized vs communal notions of freedom
Individualized: economic individualism, personal liberties, and consumerism
Communal: social justice, collective action, community empowerment
Reagan and the Reagan Revolution
Economics: trickle down
Foreign policy: reaches out to communism and starts cooperation with USSR to limit weapons
