AMH 4512

Question 1

The Zimmermann Telegram

Answer 1

Sent on January 19, 1917, from Germany to Mexico, and decoded in February of 1917. It caused the U.S. to get directly involved into WWI.

Question 2

Herbert Hoover

Answer 2

Hoover was the 31st president of the U.S. between 1929-1933. Had to deal with Sandino Wars. Managed Relief efforts in WWI. Was secretary of commerce in the 20s.

Question 3

The Morgenthau’s

Answer 3

Sr: Diplomat to the Ottoman empire under President Wilson. Resigned in May of 1916. Did relief work afterwards.
Jr: Secretary of State to FDR in WWII, from 1934-1945. Brought Paul Memorandum to FDR’s attention, starting War Refugee bourd.

Question 4

The Western Front (WWI)

Answer 4

Used from 1914-1918. Was located between France and Germany and Belgium. AEF joined in 1917, helping out with the Hundred Days offensive in the Fall of 1918 until Armistance.

Question 5

Russian Revolution

Answer 5

Started with the overthrow of the Russian monarchy and Tsar in early 1917. The 2nd wave occurred in November 1917 with the Bolsheviks. Russia ended fighting on March 3, 1918, with Brest- Liovsk treaty. The U.S. refused to recognize Russia.

Question 6

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 6

Treaty was signed on June 28, 1919, after 6 months of deliberation. Set the stage for what would come in WWII. Required Germany to pay Reparations. Took away continental and overseas territory, gifting it to other countries or creating new countries. Created the league.

Question 7

The Ottoman Partition

Answer 7

1920s. Ottoman Empire became Turkey, Armenia, and some small pieces became French and British-controlled.

Question 8

Reed-Johnson Act

Answer 8

Enacted on May 24, 1924. Limited immigration by almost half. Focused mostly on European immigration, but created some specifics for certain non-Europeans.

Question 9

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Answer 9

Effective on July 24, 1929. This was a pledge created by U.S. Secretary of State Frank Kellogg and French Foreign Minister Aristate Briand promising to longer use war as a foreign policy tool. Ratified by 15 nations.

Question 10

The “Sandino War”

Answer 10

Lasted from July 1927-January 1933. This undeclared war came after General Sandino refused to accept the peace terms meant to end the Nicaraguan Civil War.

Question 11

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Answer 11

President from1933-1945. He officially started the Good Neighbor policy, ending armed intervention as a diplomatic strategy in 1933 and encouraging pan-Americanism

Question 12

Good Neighbor

Answer 12

Years between WWI and WWII. Did not technically start till FDR in 1933 and went away after the U.S. got involved in WWII. Policies removed armed intervention as a diplomatic strategy.

Question 13

Lend-Lease Act

Answer 13

March 11, 1941. officially made it so that the U.S. was no longer neutral. They could now lend or lease munitions and supplies to the Allied forces.

Question 14

Pearl Harbor

Answer 14

December 7, 1941. Japan’s surprise attack on U.S. Naval ports. The next day the U.S. declared War on Japan, entering WWII

Question 15

The Pacific Theater

Answer 15

Fighting throughout the Pacific Ocean during WWII starting in December 1941 after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, until the end of the war.

Question 16

Japanese Internment

Answer 16

Japanese internment began in 1942 and ended with Ex parte Endo in December of 1944. Many people of Japanese descent regardless of citizenship were required to evacuate many areas into inland camps. The policy was tested in the Supreme Court many times.

Question 17

The Potsdam Conference

Answer 17

Conference between the new “Big 3” from July 17 to August 2 of 1945. It confirmed decisions made at other smaller conferences about Japanese surrender and what to do with post-war Germany.

Question 18

Atomic Bomb

Answer 18

A weapon created by the U.S. in the Manhatten project which was established on August 13, 1942. The bomb created was released on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and then on Nagasaki on Aug. 9.

Question 19

Yalta Conference

Answer 19

2nd meeting of the Big 3 held in Yalta on the Crimean peninsula from February 4 to 11 of 1945. USSR made promises to take up the fight against Japan and support the UN with certain conditions. Discussed what to do with post-war Germany.

Question 20

Cairo Conference

Answer 20

First meeting with FDR from the U.S., Churchill from the U.K., and general Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China going from November 22-27 of 1943 which focused on Japan.

Question 21

The Third Moscow Conference

Answer 21

Went from October 18 to November 11 of 1943 and was the beginning of postwar planning between the Big 3 allies

Question 22

V-E Day

Answer 22

This happened on May 8, 1945. A.K.A Victory in Europe Day. This is the day the Nazi’s officially surrendered.

Question 23

The United Nations

Answer 23

On January 1, 1942, the Declaration of United Nations was signed. Became permanently established October 24, 1945 the United Nations, had long been on the way of being created. It was a stronger version of the League of Nations, something that many felt did little.