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AMH 2020 > AMH 2020 Test 2 > Flashcards

AMH 2020 Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is manifest destiny?

A

the idea that the United States is destined—by God, its advocates believed—to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent.

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2
Q

What were the 4 reasons for US imperialism?

A

Economic, Political, Religious, and Exploratory.

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3
Q

What was expansionism?

A

was the outward movement of
goods, $, people, ideas
Favored by most Americans

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4
Q

What was imperialism?

A

Imposition of control over other people
undermining their sovereignty so that
they lose the freedom to make their
own decisions

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5
Q

How can imperialism control be attained in 2 ways?

A

Formally & Informally

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6
Q

What are some formally examples?

A

Annexation
Colonialism
Military Occupation

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7
Q

What are some informally examples?

A

Economic Domination
Political Manipulation
Threat of Intervention

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8
Q

Why did Americans favor Imperialism?

A

As way to
ensure Nation’s prosperity & security

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9
Q

What did the New manifest destiny involved?

A

acquiring
lands outside continental U.S.

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10
Q

Name some reasons for imperialism?

A

Economic Reasons, Population pressure, military reason, and The Closing of the Frontier:

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11
Q

What was The Closing of the Frontier?

A

By the C19th some believed the U.S.
would run out of natural resources

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12
Q

Why was popular pressure important to Americans?

A

Pop explosion in late C19th led some to
believe there would not be enough
farmland to produce food

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13
Q

Who was Alfred Thayer Mahan?

A

Alfred Thayer Mahan was a United States Navy officer. His ideas on the importance of sea power influenced navies around the world, and helped prompt naval buildups before World War I.

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14
Q

What was Pearl Harbor?

A

the site of the unprovoked aerial attack on the United States by Japan on December 7, 1941

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15
Q

Why was pear harbor important?

A

brought the United States into World War II, as it immediately declared war on Japan.

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16
Q

Who was the first sovereign queen, and the last monarch of Hawaii?

A

Liliuokalani

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17
Q

a rebel, especially in Cuba or the Philippines during American military involvement there around the start of the 20th century.

A

Insurrectos

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18
Q

Who was Valerian Weyler?

A

He gained fame in the Spanish- American War for his unsuccessful “Reconcentration Plan.” Spanish General

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19
Q

Who was William Randolph Hearst?

A

Father of Yellow Journalism

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20
Q

Who was Joseph Pulitzer?

A

American newspaper editor and publisher who helped to establish the pattern of the modern newspaper.

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21
Q

What was the maine?

A

the battleship sent to Havana to protect Americans and their property; an explosion sank it; killing 260 men

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22
Q

The Filipino rebel who helped the US against Spain and then revolted against US treatment

A

Emilio Aguinaldo

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23
Q

What were rough riders?

A

a group of Roosevelt’s buddies who volunteered to be in the cavalry to help defeat the Spanish in the Spanish American War

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24
Q

Who was William Mckinley

A

25th president, 1897-1901, Republican, elected in ohio,

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25
Q

Who ran against William Mckinely? What year?

A

Democratic Candidate: William Jennings Bryan 1896

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26
Q

What was teller amendment?

A

On April 11, 1898 McKinley sent a war message to Congress urging armed intervention to free the oppressed Cubans. This was favorably received by Congress which responded with a declaration of war. The Teller Amendment was an amendment to this declaration which declared that when the United States had overthrown Spanish rule of Cuba it would give the Cubans their freedom.

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27
Q

a United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War, U.S. naval commander who led the American attack on the Philippines

A

George Dewey

28
Q

what was the Treaty of Paris 1898

A

an agreement where Spain wouldn’t rule over Cuba. United States receives Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Also the United States becomes a world power.

29
Q

Anti-imperialist movement?

A

A league containing anti-imperialist groups; it was never strong due to differences on domestic issues. Isolationists.

30
Q

What is the Platt Amendment?

A

an amendment between USA and Spain, stating that United States would end its military occupation of Cuba.

31
Q

Who was John Hay

A

American secretary of state who attempted to preserve Chinese independence and protect American interests in China

32
Q

who was William Howard Taft?

A

served as the 27th President of the United States (1909-1913) and as the tenth Chief Justice of the United States (1921-1930), the only person to have held both offices.

33
Q

what was the open-door policy?

A

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

34
Q

Who was Theodore rosevelt?

A

a progressive reformer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. As president, he mostly focused on expanding U.S. involvement with locations in the Caribbean, especially locations that had an affect on his major goal of building the Panama Canal.

35
Q

What was Panama Canal?

A

a waterway that President Roosevelt ordered to be built across the Isthmus of Panama in order to connect the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and allow ships to pass through. Roosevelt hoped that the canal would promote trade.

36
Q

What were the roots of the progressive movement in the United States?

A

The progressive movement began in the late 1800 through the greenback and populist parties. People were starting to question the effectiveness of the laizze-fare economic policy as corporations began to take advantage of it. The rise of feminism also contributed to the movement as well as the overall distrust of the people towards the big banks. Religious teachings arose that emphasized better treatment of the poor.

37
Q

Describe how the Muller and Lochner cases contributed to or hurt the progressive movement.

A

In the case of Mueller vs. Oregon, it was a victory for women’s rights and the progressive movement as a whole because the Supreme Court ruled to allow laws that granted women equal protection in their jobs. On the other hand, in the case of Lochner vs. NY, the progressive movement was damped by the Supreme Court’s ruling that a 10 hr. day for bakers was unconstitutional. This meant these bakers had no limit to the hours. This was against the progressive movement.

38
Q

What were the three C’s of Roosevelt’s political platform? How were these implemented?

A

1) Control of corporations
2) Conservation of natural resources
3) Consumer protection

39
Q

Taft urged Wall Street to invest in specific foreign places of interest. These foreign investors would ideally strengthen America both at home and abroad

A

What was Taft’s dollar diplomacy?

40
Q

what was progressivism?

A

The movement in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution.

41
Q

Who did Lincoln Steffens expose in his first muckraking article?

A

William “Boss” Tweed

42
Q

What was muckrakers and who coined the term?

A

President Theodore Roosevelt.
A group of writers, journalists, and critics who exposed corporate malfeasance and political corruption in the first decade of the 20th century.

43
Q

WHo was ida tarbell

A

she exposed rockafeller, Wrote 1 of the greatest journalism investigative stories of all time
was hired by McClure to write for his magazine
Muckraker who was against the oil industry.

44
Q

Oregon enacted a law that limited women to ten hours of work in factories and laundries. Muller challenges it after he orders a female employee to work longer hours.

A

Mueller V oregon

45
Q

Significance of Mueller v Oregon?

A

Win for Progressive Reformers but equal-rights feminists were against the ruling

46
Q

New York enacted a law forbidding bakers to work more than 60 hours a week or 10 hours a day. Lochner challenged the law

A

Lochner V new york

47
Q

Became leader of the WCTU(Women’s Christian Temperance Union). She worked to educate people about the evils of alcohol. She urged laws banning the sale of liquor.

A

Frances Willard

48
Q

Nickname for the power of the president to use the attention associated with the office to persuade the media, Congress and the public to support his policy positions

A

Bully Pulpit

49
Q

Square Deal

A

Progressive concept by Roosevelt that would help capital, labor, and the public. It called for control of corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources. It denounced special treatment for the large capitalists and is the essential element to his trust-busting attitude. This deal embodied the belief that all corporations must serve the general public good.

50
Q

Elkins Act

A

(1903) gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to control railroads from giving preferences to certain customers

51
Q

Hepburn Act

A

This 1906 law used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that railroads to place on shipping goods.

52
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.

53
Q

Meat Inspection Act

A

This act (inspired by The Jungle) was passed in 1906 to require truthful labeling products to protect consumers.

54
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act

A

1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the “patent” drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.

55
Q

Gifford Pinchot

A

head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them

56
Q

Newlands Reclamation Act

A

1902 act authorizing federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and land development projects, mainly in the dry Western state

57
Q

American President during WWI - had 14 point plan - key figure in League of Nations

A

Woodrow Wilson

58
Q

New freedom

A

Democrat Woodrow Wilson’s political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912; Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs (taxes), and, by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete.

59
Q

Sixteenth Amendment

A

amendment that gave Congress the power to create income taxes

60
Q

.Federal Reserve Act

A

Regulated(new rules) on banking to help small banks stay in business. A move away from laissez-faire policies, it was passed by Wilson.

61
Q

idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs

A

laissez-faire

62
Q

Federal Trade Commission

A

A government agency established (set up) in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy.

63
Q

Clayton Antitrust Act

A

law that weakened monopolies and upheld the rights of unions and farm organizations

64
Q

Fourteen Points

A

the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations

65
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

In June 1919, the peacemakers summoned representatives of the new German Republic to the palace of Versailles outside Paris. The Germans were ordered to sign the treaty drawn up by Allies. German reparations would come to over $30 billion dollars. They were forced to assume full responsibility for causing the war.

66
Q

Paris Peace Conference

A

Woodrow Wilson he said “peace without victory”, he wanted the Fourteen Points to be the basis of peace.

Lloyd George - Knew that his people demanded harsh treatment of Germany, he promised to build a postwar Britain “fit for heroes”

Georges Clemenceau - nicknamed “the Tiger” for his fierce anti-German war policy. His chief goal was to weaken Germany so that it would never again threatn France.

AMH 2020 (1 decks)

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