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History > American West- The Great Planes and the Plains Indians > Flashcards

American West- The Great Planes and the Plains Indians Flashcards

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0
Q

What was the climate like on the Great Plains?

A

Strong wind all year round
Winter has blizzards and freezing temperatures
Summer was very hot and dry thus the rivers dried up

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1
Q

What are the two natural borders of the Great Plains?

A

The Mississippi River- east

The Rocky Mountains- west

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2
Q

What animals lived on the Plains?

A 
BUFFALO 
antelope 
coyote 
Deer 
Gophers
Rabbits
Eagles 
Hawks 
Tia
All these animals were well adapted to live on the plains
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3
Q

Why did white colonists not want to live on the plains?

A

It would be very difficult as wood and water were very hard to come by. Similarly, fertile soil was not in quantity so agriculture-dependant civilisations could not survive
Also a little problem called the Indians

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4
Q

What did the white Americans call the Great Plains?

A

The great American dessert

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5
Q

What was the enabling factor for Indian tribes to move onto the Plains?

A

Horses.
Once the Spanish colonists brought horses to the Americas, the Indians didn’t have to rely on agriculture for life because they could then hunt buffalo

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6
Q

Name one push factor for Indians to move onto the Plains.

A

Diseases
The Europeans brought deadly an infectious diseases that could kill a whole nation so they moved away from them
OR
guns
Guns in the hands of their enemies was not good so they moved away from them

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7
Q

Name a pull factor for the Indians to move onto the plains

A

Space

They could have their own space and claim as much as they wanted

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8
Q

Who were tipis made by?

A

The females and they owned them too

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9
Q

What were tipis made of?

A

Buffalo hide

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10
Q

What made tipis suitable to live on the Great Plains

A
  • the cone shape could withstand the winds of the plains
  • flaps at the top could be moved to draw up smoke from the fire
  • they could be taken down at a moments notice if they had to move to follow the buffalo
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11
Q

What are travois?

A

A kind of sledge that tipi poles and family possessions could be transported on when moving to follow the buffalo

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12
Q

What were cradleboards?

A

Cradles that small babies were put in that were beautifully decorated

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13
Q

What were wives called?

A

Squaws

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14
Q

What did the women provide?

A

Home, food and clothing

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15
Q

What were

a) all children taught?
b) boys taught?

A

A) to be tough

b) to ride and shoots bows and arrows

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16
Q

At what age did boys go on their first hunt?

A

14

17
Q

When did Indians celebrate the signs if adulthood in their children?

A

Boys were celebrated when they had their first hunt

Girls when they had their first menstrual period

18
Q

Why were children placed playing at the edges of the Indian villages?

A

To give warning of oncoming visitors as they were unofficial lookouts

19
Q

How would a young male try and attract a wife?

A

Poetry and music

20
Q

Girls were advised by who to reject their first proposal?

A

Their mothers and grandmothers

21
Q

what did a young man have to give to the father of the one he wanted to marry and why?

A

Horses usually to prove that the man loved her and that her family held her in high regard rather than the girl being bought

22
Q

Even though rings were exchanged, how long could an engagement last for?

A

5-6 years

23
Q

Why did some men have more than one wife?

A

Because some men were lost in battle so there was an abundance of women which meant that to ensure no one was uncared for, some rich men had more than one wife

24
Q

What were old people leaving to die when they became a burden called?

A

Exposure

25
Q

What was the one great spirit called?

A

Wakan Tanka

26
Q

What did they think caused illness and bad weather?

A

Spirits but they also thought they influenced everything around them

27
Q

Why were circles important to the plains Indians?

A

They believed in the circle of life

They also were surrounded by them everyday- tipis

28
Q

What was the Indian view on land?

A

No one could own it because they believed it was given to them by the great spirit

29
Q

What did they use visions for?

A

To succeed in battle
To heal
when a boy came of age they went through a ceremony of starvation and self harming to get a vision which would then give them their adult name

30
Q

What did medicine men do?

A

Contact the spirits and ask them for help

31
Q

How were chiefs selected?

A

They had to have a reason
Not by inheritance
Not by election
For their wisdom, spiritual power, medicine or skills as a hunter

32
Q

How long were chief in power for?

A

Might not remain a chief for life- only great chiefs could persuade warriors to follow them

33
Q

What did the council do?

A

Responsible for important decisions by discussing what to do
They would listen to medicine men and elders for advice
In meetings they would keep talking until they all agreed and smoked a ceremonial pipe as they believed it informed the spiritual works and helped them make good decisions

34
Q

What was the warrior society?

A

All men of a band bonged to a warrior society such as Kit Foxes of the Sioux
The society were responsible for supervising, hunting, travelling and protecting the village from attack

35
Q

Before horses, what was the best way for Indians to hunt buffalo?

A

Driving them off a cliff

36
Q

What did every warrior have that was their prize possession?

A

A horse

37
Q

What was a coup?

A

When a young warrior went into battle unarmed and if they touched an enemy and survived then they could be respected in the tribe

38
Q

What was scalping?

A

Taking the skin off the head of the enemy to keep and a trophy and to stop them from entering the after life to get revenge

39
Q

Name some of the things that the plains Indians did with a buffalo

A

They used the:

  • Fur- decoration on clothes, stuffing for saddles, mittens, rope
  • Horns- arrow straighteners, cups, ladles, spoons, toys
  • Raw Hide- bags, belts, containers, horse harnesses, masks, shields, travois
  • Bones- arrow heads, dice, game counters, knives, needles, war clubs, tools
  • Skull- religious ceremonies
  • Brain- tanning the hides
  • Tongue- hairbrush or eaten raw as a delicacy
  • Bladder- food bags
  • pleasure

History (9 decks)

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