american west Flashcards
what was the weather like on the plains?
extreme, blizrds and cold in winter but very dry and hot in the summer
also strong winds
why were the great plains so hard to live on?
extreme weather rivers dired up in summer lack of vegeatation no water hard to cultivate/farm
who lived on the plains to start with?
north asians cameove and were called native indians
sioux is an example of a tribe
what are the 4 reasons why tribes moved to the great plains?
horses
guns
ilness
buffalo
how did horses draw tribes to the plains?
they were bread and traded in america once the mexicans and spanish stole some.
this allowed the tribes to move and hunt
how did guns draw indian tribes to the plains?
english settlers had guns that scared the idians so they moved closer to the great plains
how did illness draw the tribes towards the plains?
europeans had illnesses and diseases such as small po which the indians had no resisitance to and wiped tribes out easily
what was the indians befief towards fights and vioence?
they do not fight to conquer land or other tribes. they do short violent raids to steal horses or kill men or revenge or honour
what was the indians belief towards spirts?
they had one great spirit that ruled over the world. all natural things has spirits of theirown and had to be treated with respect
what was the indians belief towards law and orders?
everything was luled by custom and tradition, if they did anything wrong they would be publically shamed
what was the indians belief towads family/
they were all imortaint and lived in bands where most people were related and could look after each other.
what was the indians belief towards horses?
the valued horses over everything, they were used for hunting, moving and riding
what was the indians beliefs towards buffalo?
they hunted them are they were vitaly importaint for survivial. they used very part of them
how was the tipi adapted to help with a lack of wood?
they used bufalo skin inseatd and wood was only useed for small pegs
how was the tipi adapted for the stongwinds of the plains?
poles for support and the conical shape made it airstream
how was the tipi adapted for extreme temps?
ear flpas for air flow
how did the tipi aid the indians normaic life?
poles allowed for it to be taken down easily
what did men do in the tribes?
hunting, caring for horses.protecting the band. they were judged by skills as hunters, wariors and horsemen
what did wmen do inthe tribes?
highly valued as child bearers. preped the bufal and prepared for hunts. cooked food too.
what did the children do in the tribes?
they were the future. trained in new skils daily. girls were taught to maintaina hume and how to survive whild boys taught to hnt and ride horses
what as the value of old people in the tribes and what did the do?
they gave advice and passes history down. helped raise the young. when they ecame too weak they were eft behind as the survival of the whole band was more important than one person
what was the indians view on marriage?
whe an yound man was able to support a wifw they wooed gilrs with poetry/music/homeade gifts. they competed between suitors and offered horses to the girls. engagements lasted 5-6years
what was the indians view on arranged marriage?
the cheyenne had arranged marriages and they took place due to fewer men. they practices plogamy so all omen has someone to care for them
what was the indians view on divorce?
it was not unknown. either partner could declear a marriage over but the women kept the tipi and the mand left
what was the indian tribes view on widdowhood?
if a husband dies or was killed in warfare the women would have to remarry shortly after.
Who was George Catlin
American painter and traveller and author who visited over 50 tribes
What has the name of the Indians spirit?
Wakan tankan
What does the American tribe’s creation story say?
Lakota people came from eagles
What do the tribes believe about circles?
Everything is a circle( horizon, tipi, birth, life and death)
What did American tribes believe about land?
It was sacred and could not be owned
What were the black hills?
Sacred land where the dead were buried. Holy men went there to seek guidance as it was close to the spirits
What did the Indians believe about visions?
They helped them before battles. Young boys got their names through visions and the shaman interpreted them.
What was the buffalo dance?
A ceremony to contact sprits before the hunting
What was the sun dance?
Help get spirits in times of crisis (war or illness)
Who made decisions in the tribes?
Chiefs made decisions and became leaders when they shows wisdom, power and skills.
What was the Indian tribe council?
When bands met together the council of the nation would meet with representatives form each band and make decisions. Bands did not have to use this advice
Whats a warrior society?
All men were in this. Their opinions were listened to. They protected the band form attack and organised hunts
How did the Indians adapt to live on the plains?
Nomadic life(can move easily) Everyone knows their role in the band
What happened in the buffalo hunts?
Separate into 2 groups Scouting party assess the buffalo Contact spirits in the buffalo dance Decorated horses Chased the buffalo and picked off extra ones Eat the heart Rest of the tribe come to help Feast back at home
How did the tribes used to hunt before horses?
Disguised as wolves and crept up on buffalo
How many successful buffalo hunts were needed a year?
2-3 once they had horses as this made the more successful
What were the horns of a buffalo used for?
Arrows straighter, ladle, spoon, toys
What was the tongue of a buffalo use for?
Hairbrush, raw delicacy
What was the heart of a buffalo used for?
Sacred, signals new life and power
What was the fat of a buffalo used for?
Used in cooking, hairgreese and soap
What was the bones of a buffalo used for?
Arrow heads, die, knives, jeweller, tools
What was the gall of a buffalo used for?
Yellow paint, raw delicacy
What was the bladder of a buffalo used for?
Food bags
What was the intestine of a buffalo used for?
Buckets, cooking vessels
What were the hooves of a buffalo used for?
Glue, rattles , hooves
What was the dung of a buffalo used for?
Fuel, smoked at ceremonies
What was the tail of a buffalo used for?
Whip, ornaments
What was the fur of a buffalo used for?
Decoration , clothes, pillows, rope
What was the sinew of a buffalo used for?
Bowstrings, thread
What was the flesh of a buffalo used for?
Cooked and dried
What was the hide of a buffalo used for?
Bags, containers, blankets, covers
What was the skull of a buffalo used for?
Used in religious ceremonies
What was the brain of a buffalo used for?
Tanning the hide
Why did native tribes scalp people?
Evidence of success, if the body was mutilated they could not fight you in the afterlife
What was a counting coup?
A stick to touch enemies as it was seen braver than to kill them. It became it ritual
Why did warriors fight?
Prove bravery, gain glory, become a warrior, gain a wife, wealth, gain spiritual power
Why did they go on raids?
For horses, revenge, destroy enemies, hunting .living space
Why did people go west?
For sanctuary, explore, adventure, territory, spread beliefs, glod, manifest destiny
What nationality were the mountain men?
American, English, Scotland, native Hawaiians
What did mountain men trade?
Carriages, beaver hats, furs
What’s the importance of mountain men?
They helped map the area for others to come. Helped with trade . they were the first to go there.
Why did the Mormons go west?
To escape persecution
Where did the Mormons settle?
In the plateaux region salt lake
Why did the gold prospectors go west?
The search of money and gold in California
Why did cattle men go west?
To enterprise cattle and get better prices
Where did the cattle men settle?
The south. The open range in towns and saloons
Why did homesteader move west?
Former negro slaves in search of a better life and promised land
Where did the homesteader settle?
Eastern onto parire land.
