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American West Flashcards

1
Q

Were the powers of Tribal chiefs limited?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What is a warrior brotherhood?

A

A social group of warriors united by common interests and goals

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3
Q

What was the role of women in Plains Indian society?

A

Women were responsible for domestic tasks, managing the home, and sometimes participating in decision-making

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4
Q

Recall three uses of the American buffalo.

A
  • Food
  • Clothing
  • Tools
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5
Q

What is the significance of horses to Plains Indian tribes?

A

Horses were crucial for transportation, hunting, and warfare

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6
Q

Who did the US defeat in 15467?

A

This seems to be an error; clarification needed

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7
Q

What was the permanent Indian Frontier?

A

A boundary established to separate Indian lands from American settlers

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8
Q

Why did the American government encourage migration West?

A

To promote settlement and economic development

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9
Q

Why did 300,000 people migrate west from 1848-1897?

A

Gold rush, land availability, and economic opportunities

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10
Q

What was the main consequence of the Indian Appropriations Act of 1851?

A

Established reservations for Native Americans

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11
Q

What word describes the Plains Indians’ way of life?

A

Nomadic

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12
Q

What is Manifest Destiny?

A

The belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable

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13
Q

What is the name of the path leading from Omaha to Oregon?

A

The Oregon Trail

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14
Q

Name two reasons this trail was dangerous for migrants.

A
  • Disease
  • Harsh weather
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15
Q

Who first traveled on the Oregon Trail?

A

Pioneers and settlers in the mid-1800s

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16
Q

Who was John Fremont?

A

A military officer and explorer known for mapping the West

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17
Q

What happened to unsuccessful prospectors?

A

Many faced financial ruin and hardship

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18
Q

Recall one consequence of low rainfall for settlers on the plains.

A

Crop failures and food shortages

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19
Q

Recall one consequence of lack of trees for settlers on the plains.

A

Difficulty in building homes and fuel shortages

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20
Q

Recall one consequence of extreme climates for settlers on the plains.

A

Challenges in farming and survival

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21
Q

Why was Plains land hard to plough?

A

The soil was often tough and dry

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22
Q

How did mechanization help homesteaders?

A

Improved efficiency in farming practices

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23
Q

Which innovations encouraged homesteaders?

A
  • Steel plows
  • Reapers
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24
Q

How did dry farming help settlers?

A

Allowed farming in arid conditions

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25
Who went to war with the US in 1862?
Native American tribes, including the Sioux
26
What was the consequence of this war?
Increased tensions and conflict between settlers and Native Americans
27
How did grasshoppers impact life on the plains?
They destroyed crops, leading to famine
28
Why did the US lose at Little Big Horn?
Underestimated the strength and strategy of Native American forces
29
Name one consequence of the Timber Culture Act.
Encouraged planting trees on homesteads
30
What caused the Battle of Little Big Horn in 1876?
Conflicts over land and resources
31
What was open range ranching?
Cattle grazing on vast, unfenced lands
32
Why did Chinese immigrants appear in San Francisco after the Gold Rush?
To seek economic opportunities and work
33
Who led the US troops at Little Big Horn?
General George Custer
34
Why did the Texan cattle industry decline after 1867?
Overgrazing and market saturation
35
Name two dangers faced by cowboys on cattle drives.
* Stampedes * Harsh weather
36
Name two problems when enforcing law in the West.
* Limited resources * Vast territories
37
What was the policy of 'Assimilate or Die'?
A government policy aimed at forcing Native Americans to adopt Euro-American culture
38
How many cows were wild in 1865?
Estimates vary, but significant numbers roamed the plains
39
What was the Great Depression?
A severe economic downturn beginning in 1929
40
Who was massacred by US troops at Sand Creek in 1864?
Cheyenne and Arapaho people
41
Name one consequence of the US defeat at Little Big Horn.
Increased military presence in Native territories
42
Why was the founding of Abilene important for the cattle industry?
It became a major shipping point for cattle
43
What was the problem in 1879?
Economic hardship and drought
44
Which sheriff was murdered by a mob?
Sheriff John T. McKinney
45
Who was hunted by Pinkerton agents after escaping multiple times?
Jesse James
46
Which cattle baron created the town of Abilene?
Joseph McCoy
47
What is a reservation?
Land designated for Native American tribes
48
How much did the US pay Fremont?
Clarification needed on the context
49
Which Act allotted sections of 160 acres of land to settlers?
The Homestead Act
50
What was a scouting coup?
A daring act to gain respect and status among warriors
51
Recall one problem with the US and the Plains tribes maintaining treaties.
Frequent violations and lack of enforcement
52
What happened to the Donner Party?
They became trapped in the Sierra Nevada and resorted to cannibalism
53
What does it mean to 'prove up' a homestead?
To meet the requirements to claim ownership of the land
54
What was the Removal Act of 1830?
Legislation facilitating the relocation of Native Americans to designated territories
55
Who led the US troops in the Sand Creek attack?
Colonel John Chivington
56
Who waged war against the US in 1866 and why?
Various Native American tribes due to encroachment on their lands
57
Why did the US begin exterminating the buffalo?
To undermine Native American lifestyles and economies
58
What caused the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890?
A confrontation between US troops and Lakota Sioux
59
How much profit was made from cows sold in Chicago?
Significant profits, contributing to the cattle market boom
60
Who founded the Goodnight-Loving Trail?
Charles Goodnight and Oliver Loving
61
What is 'vigilantism'?
Taking the law into one's own hands
62
What conflict existed between homesteaders and ranchers?
Competition for land and resources
63
Who was responsible for the gunfight at the O.K. Corral?
Wyatt Earp and his allies
64
What was the Fort Laramie Treaty?
An agreement between the US government and Native American tribes
65
What was the Ghost Dance?
A spiritual movement among Native Americans seeking to restore their way of life
66
List three common American West conflicts.
* Settler vs. Native American * Rancher vs. Homesteader * Lawman vs. Outlaw
67
Recall two consequences of the California Gold Rush.
* Rapid population growth * Increased tensions with Native Americans
68
What was the Timber Culture Act of 1873?
Legislation promoting tree planting on homesteads
69
Which two Plains chiefs refused to sign the second Fort Laramie Treaty of 1860?
* Crazy Horse * Sitting Bull
70
What was announced by the US census office in 1890?
The closing of the American frontier
71
What were 'saltings'?
A term used for adding salt to cattle feed

American West History (1 decks)

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