American Revolution Flashcards
What land was being fought over in the French/Indian War?
Ohio River Valley
Who fought in the French/Indian War?
England and America, France and their colonists and Native Americans
What was the Albany Plan of Union?
A meeting to discuss Indian attacks and to coordinate a continental army
What were the consequences of William Pitt’s “blank check”?
Put England in huge amounts of debt
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?
Prevented the Colonists from settling to the west of the Appalachian Mountains
What was the significance of the Join, or Die. political cartoon?
Represented the 13 colonies and their separation and need to unionize
How was the French/Indian War the catalyst for the American Revolution?
It started tensions between British and Colonists.
What are some British Regulations imposed on the Colonies?
Tea Act (tax on tea), Stamp Act (tax on paper, stamps), Townshend Acts (tax on glass, lead, paints, paper, tea), Sugar Act (tax on sugar), Commitees of Correspondence (emergency governments), First Continental Congress (elected by the people)
What is autonomy?
Self-reliance, independence from any higher power, being able to do stuff for yourself
What happened at the Boston Massacre?
Colonists started throwing rocky snow at British soldiers, the soldiers opened fire on the Colonists leaving 5 dead
How was Paul Revere’s etching used?
As propaganda of the Boston Massacre
Who wrote Common Sense and what was it about?
Thomas Paine, reasons to declare independence from England
What were Thomas Paine’s reasons to separate from England?
- Cannot turn back once blood has been shed
- America can stand as a country with out help from England
- America is harmed by England’s wars, be better unattached to England’s affairs
- England shouldn’t be considered America’s “mother country”
- America was set apart as a separate nation by the natural order of things
- America was destined by God to be separate entity
What did the Declaration of Independence effectively do?
Severed ties with England
Where, by whom, and how many delegates wrote the Declaration of Independence?
In the Colonies by the First Continental Congress, Thomas Jefferson and 4 other men, 56 delegates
What are the four parts of the Declaration of Independence?
Preamble, Declaration of Rights, List of Grievances, Prior Attempts to Redress Grievances
What was said in the Declaration of Independence?
Basic human rights: life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
Autonomy: self-independence
Popular Sovereignty: power of government is given by the people
Not everyone wanted to be separated from England.
Only 40% could be considered patriots
20% were still loyal to England
What were the advantages and disadvantages for England during American Revolution?
Advantages: strong naval force, population 3:1, professional army, Hessians
Disadvantages: didn’t know the land, far away from mother country, has empire to worry about
What were the advantages and disadvantages for America during the American Revolution?
Advantages: knew the land, guerrilla warfare, self-sustaining agriculture, moral advantage, France as ally (England’s enemy)
Disadvantages: start army/navy from scratch, no formal government to make decisions, scarce supplies (money, clothes, guns, ammunition)
What were the early strategies for England during the Revolution?
Occupy major coastal cities, get Loyalist support, crush Continental Army
What were the early strategies for America during the Revolution?
Score early victories, gain support from Patriots, gain foreign allies (France, Spain)
What was the significance of the Battle of Bunker Hill?
Don’t shoot “until you see the whites of their eyes,” English victory but at heavy cost
What was the significance of the Battle of Trenton?
Cross Delaware River, surprise attack on Hessians, American Victory
What was the significance of the Battle of Pricetown?
Boosted Patriot morale, England left New Jersey, Continental Army gained supplies and weapons
What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?
English surrenders 5800 men, major turning point, gained France and Spain ally
What was the significance of the Battle of Camden?
Worst American defeat, General Cornwallis defeats Patriot General Gates
What was the significance of the Battle of Yorktown?
Massive siege by French, English surrender, war over
Who/what made up American armed forces?
Inexperienced Continental Army and Militia
What were America’s allies and how did they help?
France: needed supplies and soldiers
What useful tactics did The Continental Army start to use?
Guerrilla warfare
What were the results of the Revolutionary war?
America gains freedom from England, America in debt,
25,000 Patriots + 10,000 British killed
What treaty ended the war?
Treaty of Paris: boundaries- west to Mississippi River, North to Canada, South to Florida
