American Revolution Flashcards
Samuel Adams
Leader of sons of Liberty who organized boycotts and protests. Delegate of the Continental Congress
King George III
King of England during the American Revolution. Issued economic policies (taxes) because of national debt of the French and Indian war
Crispus Attucks
First to die in the American Revolution during the Boston massacre
Paul revere
Created the most famous engraving known as the Boston massacre. Was one of the patriots who warned the British were coming in the midnight ride
John Adams
Lawyer who defended the British soldiers in the Boston massacre and was a delegate of the Continental Congress
Abigail Adams
Wife of John Adams called for women’s rights as a part of Independence. “Remember the ladies”
Patrick Henry
Delicate of the first Continental Congress well known orator who famously declared “give me liberty, or give me death”
George Washington
Appointed Commander in Chief of the Continental army and delegate of the Continental Congress
1st Continental Congress (1774)
12 out of 13 colonial delegates met in Philadelphia to discuss the growing aggression towards Britain. Colonists sent a grievances to the king
Lexington and Concord (1775)
Known as “the shot heard around the world” started the American Revolution
Second Continental Congress (1775)
Colonial delegates gathered again in Philadelphia they offered Britain a last chance to avoid war with a petition called the alive branch but the king rejected the peace offering. (Declare independence, appointed George Washington commander in Chief)
John Locke
Influence the declaration of Independence with his idea of natural rights (unalienable rights, rights that cannot be taken away, rights as a result of being human, life liberty and property/pursuit of happiness)
Thomas paine
Writer of common sense, increased support for American independence
Mercy Otis warren
Wrote plays and poems that influenced the declaration of Independence gain support for the war
Committee of correspondence
Wrote the first history of the American Revolution *letters about events and plans for protest
Declaration of Independence
List of grievances against the king, adopted July 4th 1776 , written by Thomas Jefferson defined rights that would defeat tyranny
John Hancock
Demonstrated his commitment by signing the declaration of Independence
Benjamin Franklin
Delicate at the Continental Congress helped draft the declaration of Independence
Patriot
Colonists who opposed Britain
Loyalist
Supporters of the crown
Lexington and Concord
1775, Massachusetts Bay. Start of the American Revolution British troops surrender back to Boston
Battle of Trenton
1776, New Jersey surprise attack by colonist on German mercenaries
Battle of Saratoga
1777, New York turning point of the war convince France to become allies with the Americans after their victory over the British
Winter of valley forge
1777-78, Pennsylvania long hard winter experience by colonial army, dealt with freezing, for shelter, let food, clothing, and supplies. Marquis de Lafayette train soldiers
Battle of Yorktown
1781, Virginia final battle of the American Revolution colonists won the battle with assistance from the French. General Cornwallis surrenders
Treaty of Paris
1783 colonists are independent Britain will remove all troops colonist gained land from Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River
Commander in Chief of the Continental army
George Washington
Author of the declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
Asked friends to Ally with the USA after the Battle of Saratoga
Benjamin Franklin
Help to revise the declaration of Independence
John Adams
American naval war hero
John Paul Jones
Warned the colonists the British are coming
Paul Revere
French general Ally who helped train the continental army at valley forge
Marquis de Lafayette
African American colonial spy
James armistead
Charles de Montesquieu
Separated government into three sections
Wentworth cherwell
African American patriot who carried intelligence and messages for the Continental army. Made a midnight ride to Warren citizens the British were coming
James armistead
African American spy who acted as a slave for Washington and the colonial army
John Paul Jones
First naval hero given the Congressional middle of Honor for his valor and brilliant service
Marques de Lafayette
Frenchman who helped train the Continental army during the winter at valley forge helped finance the war and secure the victory at Yorktown
George Washington
Leader of the Continental army showed his leadership skills during the winter at valley forge *patriotism, valor, conduct, fidelity
General Cornwallis
General of the British army surrendered at the Battle of Yorktown
Northwest ordinance
The Northwest ordinance is considered a historical time Stone because it was the process of admitting the new States into Union
Northwest ordinance guidelines and guarantees
Guidelines- 5,000 free male settlers, 60,000 population, no slavery allowed
Guarantees- trail by jury, freedom of Religion, property rights, Public education, equal to existing states
Articles of confederation
America’s first constitution 1781-1787 each state retains their sovereignty (power) created a weak federal government (feared tyranny)
Northwest Territory
Newly acquired land between the Appalachian mountains and the Mississippi River = rich farmland, improve trade
Articles of confederation - weakness : no PACCT
P- president A- army C- courts C- common currency T- taxes
Shay’s rebellion
Proved that the federal government needed to be restructured. 1787 Massachusetts farmers were bailed over raised property taxes and seizure of farms
One Congressional vote per state
Needed at least nine votes for approval difficult to ratify new laws or amend Constitution
Virginia- votes based on population
New Jersey- equal representation one vote per state
Articles of confederation structure
Ratify new laws - required 9/13 votes
Amending the Constitution - change required all 13 votes
The Great compromise
Senate - New Jersey plan; equal representation
House of representation - Virginia plan; based on population
3/5ths compromise
Three out of five slaves would count for representation and taxation
Popular sovereignty
Government gets its power from the people through electing representatives
Republicanism
Elected representatives carry out the will of the people *vote for you
Individual rights
The rights and liberties given to each individual in the Constitution without interference from others or the government
Limited government
Government only has certain delegated powers and cannot act beyond them
Federalism
Power is divided and shared between the federal and state government
Checks and balance
Branches can check actions by other branches in order to keep them in balance
Separation of powers
Power is divided between three branches of the federal government to keep them from having too much power * Charles de Montesquieu
Legislative branch
Makes laws Congress (bicameral legislatures* 2 houses) 1.Senate 2. House of representatives
Executive branch
Enforces laws; president, vice president, cabinet, military
Judicial branch
Interpret laws; determines the constitutionality of a law supreme court, judges
Federalist
For federalism, ratification of constitution, strong central government, president
* Alexander Hamilton
* James Madison
* John Jay
Anti-federalist
Against federalism, ratification of constitution, against central government
* Add Bill of Rights
*George Mason
* Patrick Henry
Civic virtue
What you should do as a good citizen stay informed, vote, respect opinions
Civic duty
What you must do to have a stable government; jury duty, obey laws, pay taxes
