American Political Ideologies Beliefs- Vocabulary Words to Know Flashcards
Individualism
A belief in the fundamental worth and importance of the individual
A belief in the fundamental worth and importance of the individual
Individualism
Equality of Opportunity
Emphasized that all people have the right to pursue life, liberty, and happiness
Emphasized that all people have the right to pursue life, liberty, and happiness
Equality of opportunity
Free Enterprise
An economic system that allows businesses to compete and function without government inference.
An economic system that allows businesses to compete and function without government inference.
Free Enterprise
Rule of Law
The principle is that a government creates laws that everyone will equally follow no matter their place in society
The principle is that a government creates laws that everyone will equally follow no matter their place in society
Rule of Law
Limited Government
a political structure that has laws that prohibit the government from having too much power
a political structure that has laws that prohibit the government from having too much power
Limited government
Millennials
a person born between 1981 and 1996, influenced by the Great Recession, the September 11, 2001 attack, and military conflicts in Afghanistan, and passionate about issues such as sustainability, social justice, and economic equality.
a person born between 1981 and 1996, influenced by the Great Recession, the September 11, 2001 attack, and military conflicts in Afghanistan, and passionate about issues such as sustainability, social justice, and economic equality.
Millennials
Generation X
born between 1965 and 1980, influenced by the Berlin Wall falling, the Gulf War, and the impeachment of Bill Clinton, core values include diversity, self-reliance, practicality, informality, work/life balance, flexibility, and technology.
born between 1965 and 1980, influenced by the Berlin Wall falling, the Gulf War, and the impeachment of Bill Clinton, core values include diversity, self-reliance, practicality, informality, work/life balance, flexibility, and technology.
Generation X
Baby Boomers
passionate about issues such as sustainability, social justice, and economic equality, influenced by Assasanations, New Deal Clinton, and the Watergate Scandal. optimism, team orientation, personal gratification, health and wellness, personal growth, youthfulness, work, and involvement
passionate about issues such as sustainability, social justice, and economic equality, influenced by Assasanations, New Deal Clinton, and the Watergate Scandal. optimism, team orientation, personal gratification, health and wellness, personal growth, youthfulness, work, and involvement
Baby Boomers
Silent Generation
people who were born between 1925 and 1945, influenced by WWII, women entering the workforce, the Great Depression, and The New Deal. Cultural and social forces emphasized values such as hard work, loyalty, and thriftiness
people who were born between 1925 and 1945, influenced by WWII, women entering the workforce, the Great Depression, and The New Deal. Cultural and social forces emphasized values such as hard work, loyalty, and thriftiness
Silent Generation
Lifecycle Effect
Changes in opinions or patterns of behavior that occur among most people at major point of their life like marriage, parenthood, or retirement.
Changes in opinions or patterns of behavior that occur among most people at major point of their life like marriage, parenthood, or retirement.
Lifecycle Effect
Generational Effect
common experiences shared by a portion of the population that came of age at the same time
common experiences shared by a portion of the population that came of age at the same time
Generational Effect
Gender Gap
Difference in opinions or attitudes between men and women concerning a variety of public and private issues, including political candidates, parties, or programs.
Difference in opinions or attitudes between men and women concerning a variety of public and private issues, including political candidates, parties, or programs.
Gender Gap
Liberal/Progressive
a supporter of a political and social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free enterprise. a supporter of policies that are socially progressive and promote social welfare.
a supporter of a political and social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free enterprise. a supporter of policies that are socially progressive and promote social welfare.
Liberal/Progressives
Conservatives
Conservatives typically hold that the government should play a smaller role in regulating business and managing the economy. They typically support economic liberalization and oppose welfare programs to redistribute income to assist the poor.
Conservatives typically hold that the government should play a smaller role in regulating business and managing the economy. They typically support economic liberalization and oppose welfare programs to redistribute income to assist the poor.
Conservatives
Libertarian
a person who advocates civil liberties
a person who advocates civil liberties
Libertarian
Socialism
Socialism is a political ideology that aims to give workers shared ownership of the tools, land, and buildings that they use to make products or provide services
Socialism is a political ideology that aims to give workers shared ownership of the tools, land, and buildings that they use to make products or provide services
Socialism
Authoritarian/Totalitarian
the authoritarian system wants full political power, but does not go beyond that. The totalitarian rule system, on the other hand, wants power over EVERYTHING.
the authoritarian system wants full political power, but does not go beyond that. The totalitarian rule system, on the other hand, wants power over EVERYTHING.
Authoritarian/Totalitarian
Public policy
the government’s stance toward, and efforts to address, issues of public concern
the government’s stance toward, and efforts to address, issues of public concern
Public Policy
Opinion Polls
interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings & beliefs of the entire population.
interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings & beliefs of the entire population.
Opinion Polls
Benchmark/Tracking polls
initial poll on a candidate and issues on which campaign strategy is based and against which later polls are compared
initial poll on a candidate and issues on which campaign strategy is based and against which later polls are compared
Benchmark/Tracking Polls
Entrance and Exit polls
Polls conducted as voters enter and leave polling places on election day
Polls conducted as voters enter and leave polling places on election day
Entrance and Exit polls
Push Polls
A poll that has manipulative questions on there to try and sway people
A poll that has manipulative questions on there to try and sway people
Push Polls
Random Sampling
a type of probability sampling in which the researcher randomly selects a subset of participants from a population
a type of probability sampling in which the researcher randomly selects a subset of participants from a population
Random Sampling
Focus Groups
a research method that brings together a small group of people to answer questions in a moderated setting
a research method that brings together a small group of people to answer questions in a moderated setting
Focus Groups
Margin of Error
a statistic expressing the amount of random sampling error in the results of a survey.
a statistic expressing the amount of random sampling error in the results of a survey.
Margin of Error
Random Digit Dialing
a method for selecting people for involvement in telephone statistical surveys by generating telephone numbers at random.
a method for selecting people for involvement in telephone statistical surveys by generating telephone numbers at random.
Random Digit Dialing
Reliability
One estimate of reliability is test-retest reliability
One estimate of reliability is test-retest reliability
Reliability
Bandwagon Effect
tendency for people to adopt certain behaviors, styles, or attitudes simply because others are doing so
tendency for people to adopt certain behaviors, styles, or attitudes simply because others are doing so
Bandwagon Effect
Involved in addressing economic problems through government spending, in a recession the government should decrease taxes and increase government spending. (opp for inflation)
Keynesian Economics
Keynesian Economics
Involved in addressing economic problems through government spending, in a recession the government should decrease taxes and increase government spending. (opp for inflation)
Trickle-down economics/ supply-side economics
Tax cuts and a decrease in government regulation to stimulate the economy.
Tax cuts and a decrease in government regulation stimulate the economy.
Trickle-down economics/ supply-side economics
Capitalism
an economic system in which private individuals own and control most of the factors of production
an economic system in which private individuals own and control most of the factors of production
Capitalism
Fiscal Policy
controlling taxing and spending, addresses taxation and government spending, and it is generally determined by government legislation.
controlling taxing and spending, addresses taxation and government spending, and it is generally determined by government legislation.
Fiscal Policy
Monetary Policy
Monetary policy addresses interest rates and the supply of money in circulation, and it is generally managed by the Federal Reserve Bank
Monetary policy addresses interest rates and the supply of money in circulation, and it is generally managed by the Federal Reserve Bank
Monetary Policy
Inflation
Increase in prices
Increase in prices
Inflation
school vouchers
education tax dollars that are diverted from public schools to help subsidize the tuition of private and religious schools.
education tax dollars that are diverted from public schools to help subsidize the tuition of private and religious schools.
school vouchers
Medicare/Medicaid
a program for people at the age of 65 or older to have federal health insurance.
a program for people who live in poverty or have some kind of disability to have federal health insurance.
a program for people at the age of 65 or older to have federal health insurance.
a program for people who live in poverty or have some kind of disability to have federal health insurance.
Medicare/Medicaid
Social Security
the U.S. government program that pays benefits to workers after retirement, to spouses and children of deceased workers, and to workers who become disabled before they retire.
the U.S. government program that pays benefits to workers after retirement, to spouses and children of deceased workers, and to workers who become disabled before they retire.
Social Security
Welfare
The study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being
The study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being
welfare
Labor Unions
enables workers to negotiate for higher wages and benefits and improve conditions in the workplace.
enables workers to negotiate for higher wages and benefits and improve conditions in the workplace.
labor unions
Privatize
the process of transferring property from public ownership to private ownership and/or transferring the management of a service or activity from the government to the private sector
the process of transferring property from public ownership to private ownership and/or transferring the management of a service or activity from the government to the private sector
privatize
Safety Net
a policy that ensures a minimum income, consumption, or wage level for everyone in a society or sub-group.
a policy that ensures a minimum income, consumption, or wage level for everyone in a society or sub-group.
Safety Net
Federal Reserve
the most powerful economic institution in the United States, perhaps the world
the most powerful economic institution in the United States, perhaps the world
Federal Reserve
