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Edexcel AS/A Level History Route F: Searching for Rights and Freedoms in the 20th Century > American History: 1.2 Key Dates of Events and Statistics > Flashcards

American History: 1.2 Key Dates of Events and Statistics Flashcards

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1
Q

Congress passed 13th Amendment to the Constitution abolishing slavery

A

31 January 1865

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2
Q

14th Amendment passed which made all people born or naturalised in the USA (inc. those who had been slaves) US Citizens

A

9 July 1868

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3
Q

15th Amendment passed declaring that all US citizens had the same voting rights

A

3 February 1870

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4
Q

Year when Fannie Lou Hamer went to vote in Ruleville, Mississippi and was sacked from her job and she was told that people weren’t “ready” for her to do this

A

1962

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5
Q

Year when black Americans were supposedly free and equal

A

1870

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6
Q

Year when Wilson introduced segregation in government offices and the White House

A

1913

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7
Q

Year when there was about 25 anti-black race riots, often set off by police injustice and hundreds were killed

A

1919

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8
Q

By which year did the South have a large number of Jim Crow Laws?

A

1917

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9
Q

By ? the number of black Americans registered to vote had dropped considerably

A

1917

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10
Q

Number of black voters in Louisiana

A

Fell from 130,334 in 1896 to 1,342 in 1904

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11
Q

Plessy vs Ferguson

A

1896

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12
Q

Lynchings of 65 white men and 579 black men

A

Between 1915 and 1930

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13
Q

Emmett Till lynched

A

1955

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14
Q

KKK revived

A

1915

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15
Q

Estimate of membership of KKK by 1925

A

Between 3 and 8 million

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16
Q

How many segregated people did Harding speak to at the Uni of Alabama about the evils of segregation?

A

30,000

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17
Q

Who were committed to Laissez-Faire?

A

Harding and Coolidge

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18
Q

Great Migration

A

1917-32

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19
Q

By ? almost 40% of African Americans in the North were living in Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Cincinnati and Columbus Ohio

A

1920

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20
Q

Population of New York in 1910, 1920 and 1930

A

91,709
152,467
327,706

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21
Q

Population of Detroit in 1910, 1920 and 1930

A

5,741
40,838
120,066

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22
Q

Population of Chicago in 1910, 1920 and 1930

A

44,103
109,458
233,903

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23
Q

Great Depression

A

1929-39

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24
Q

During the 19…s black voters shifted from mainly voting republican (who abolished slavery) to voting democrat (New Deal)

A

1930s

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25
Q

NAACP established

A

1910

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26
Q

NAACP turned down the case of 9 young black men framed for raping 2 white girls on a train near Scottsboro, Alabama

A

1931

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27
Q

In the early 19…s, Birmingham, Alabama had 6 black American members of the NAACP and 3,000 + black American communists

A

1930s

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28
Q

Another depression hit the USA in

A

1937

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29
Q

Resettlement Administration set up by Executive Order 7027 in

A

May 1935

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30
Q

The Resettlement Administration still only helped

A

3,400 of 200,000+ farmers

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31
Q

In ….. around 2 million people signed a petition for Federal Aid to move to Africa

A

1939

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32
Q

In September ? WW2 broke out in Europe

A

1939

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33
Q

The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbour on

A

7 December 1941

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34
Q

USA’s first conscription bill pushed through Congress

A

1940

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35
Q

A. Philip Randolph threatened a 100,000 strong all-black march on Washington unless Roosevelt banned discrimination in the army and in defence factories

A

May 1941

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36
Q

Summer of 1942 - 3% of defence workers black

1944 - rose to …

A

8%

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37
Q

What year saw outbreaks of racist violence and strikes lead by white people over having to work with blacks for the war effort?

A

1943

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38
Q

In 19…, Truman set up the President’s Committee on Civil Rights, which called for equal opportunities in work and housing

A

1946

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39
Q

In 19…, Truman issued Executive Orders desegregating the military and all work done by businesses for the government

A

1948

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40
Q

UN set up

A

1945

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41
Q

Direct Action

A

1917-55

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42
Q

NAACP membership went from 9,000 in 1917 to 90,000 in 1919 and 600,000 in …

A

1946

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43
Q

Some separatists such as Marcus Garvey in the early 19…s suggested that the answer was to do what white racists told them to do - go back to Africa

A

Early 1920s

44
Q

Thurgood Marshall

A

1908-93

45
Q

Marshall became the NAACP’s chief legal counsel in …

A

1940

46
Q

During the 1940s and 50s, Marshall took 32 segregation cases to the Supreme Court and won ? of them

A

29

47
Q

Sweet Trial

A

1926

48
Q

Murray vs Maryland

A

1936

49
Q

Gaines vs Canada

A

1938

50
Q

Morgan vs Virginia

A

1946

51
Q

Shelley vs Kraemer

A

1948

52
Q

Sweatt vs Painter and McLaurin Vs Oklahoma

A

1950

53
Q

Brown Vs Board of Education of Topeka

A

1954

54
Q

CORE set up

A

1942

55
Q

Fellowship of Reconciliation founded

A

1914

56
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

1955

57
Q

Rosa Parks

A

1 Dec 1955

58
Q

Supreme Court ruled bus segregation as unconstitutional

A

13 Nov. 1956

59
Q

King set up the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)

A

1957

60
Q

Little Rock integrated buses

A

1956

61
Q

Little Rock,Arkansas

A

1957

62
Q

Greensboro sit-in

A

1 Feb. 1960

63
Q

SNCC set up (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)

A

15 April 1960

64
Q

Freedom Rides

A

1961

65
Q

Birmingham

A

1963 (campaign began 3 April)

66
Q

After Birmingham, 42% of people said that race was the USA’s most pressing problem. How many had said this in 1962?

A

Only 4%

67
Q

March on Washington

A

August 1963

68
Q

Freedom Summer

A

1964

69
Q

About 17,000 blacks tried to register to vote in 1964. Only ? were accepted

A

1,600

70
Q

Malcolm X

A

1925-65

71
Q

Stokely Carmichael set up the Lowndes County Freedom Organisation

A

1965

72
Q

Black power clenched fist symbol used by medalists in which Olympics?

A

Mexico 1968

73
Q

Major riots in NY, Chicago and Philadelphia

A

1964

74
Q

The Northern Crusades

A

1966

75
Q

MLK assassinated

A

4 April 1968

76
Q

Segregation of interstate buses banned all over the USA

A

25 Nov. 1955

77
Q

Autherine Lucy - first black student to go to the Uni of Mississippi - white riots so bad she got expelled

A

Feb. - March 1956

78
Q

102 Southern Congressmen signed the Southern Manifesto condemning Brown vs Board of Education

A

12 March 1956

79
Q

James Meredith integrates the University of Mississippi- faced rioting and needed the help of 3,000 federal troops

A

30 Sep. 1962

80
Q

The Governor of Alabama stops 2 black students desegregating the university - Kennedy takes over state troops to make it happen

A

11 June 1963

81
Q

Medgar Evers (Leader of Mississippi NAACP) shot

A

12 June 1963

82
Q

March on Washington

A

28 Aug. 1963

83
Q

People @March on Washington

A

Est. 200,000 to 500,000

84
Q

Black Church Sunday School (in Birmingham) bombed - 4 girls killed

A

15 Sept. 1963

85
Q

Civil Rights Act passed banning discrimination in voting, public services and work

A

2 July 1964

86
Q

MLK awarded Nobel Peace Prize

A

10 Dec. 1964

87
Q

Civil Rights voter registration campaign in Selma, Montgomery - mass arrests, campaigner shot

A

2 July 1964

88
Q

Selma to Montgomery March (in response to the shooting) - more arrests, more violence, federal troop escort ends the march

A

7 March 1965

89
Q

Civil Rights Act sets up Civil Rights Commission and gives federal justice department more rights to supervise voter registration

A

29 Aug. 1957

90
Q

Civil Rights Act -
Now crime to obstruct federal orders e.g. school desegregation by threat or force

Authorises federal “referees” for voting

A

6 May 1960

91
Q

Kennedy’s Executive Order 1106 - bans discrimination in allocation of federal housing

A

20 Nov. 1962

92
Q

Civil Rights Act bans discrimination for sex or race in hiring, firing and promoting

Equal Opportunities Commission set up to enforce this

A

2 July 1964

93
Q

Voting Rights Act passed banning attempts to stop people voting because of race

Provisions put in place for 5 years

The enforcement provisions have to be reconfirmed with extensions in 1970, 1975, 1982 and 2007

A

6 Aug. 1965

94
Q

Emergency School Aid Act - funds schools that are desegregating or struggling to desegregate

Follow up Act 2 years later

A

21 May 1970

95
Q

Swann vs Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education- upholds policy of busing children out of poor areas to desegregated schools

A

20 April 1971

96
Q

Education Amendments Act - restricts busing by giving more money to inner-city schools for improvements

A

23 June 1972

97
Q

97% of black students remained in segregated schools

A

1968

98
Q

In ?, 58% of blacks were still in segregated schools in Southern states

A

1968

99
Q

Between 1965 and 66, a further ? black people registered to vote

A

230,000

100
Q

The number of black voters in the US jumped from 4 million in ? to 6 million in ?

A

1960

1965

101
Q

In ?, there was sit-ins in 200 cities which resulted in 161 desegregated restaurants and canteens

A

1963

102
Q

During the 19…s and ….s, black unemployment was twice the national average

A

1950s and 60s

103
Q

? out of the 31 states with the highest proportion of black people introduced Fair Employment Practice Laws

A

25

104
Q

Unemployment of blacks was still 7% in ?

A

1968

105
Q

The average income of a black person was 61% of the income of a white person in ?

A

1968

106
Q

In ?, 80% of the public said they supported desegregation of education

A

1964

107
Q

In ? only 50% of the public said they supported equal rights in housing

A

1964

Edexcel AS/A Level History Route F: Searching for Rights and Freedoms in the 20th Century (2 decks)

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