Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Trig Derivatives > American Heritage Exam 2 > Flashcards

American Heritage Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Article 1 of the Constitution

A

Established the Legislative branch as a bicameral legislature, set up by population. Brought up 3/5 compromise. Power to impeach the President. Senate has 6 year terms. Necessary and Proper clause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Article 2 of the Constitution

A

Established the Executive branch. 4 Year terms. Electoral College.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Article 3 of the Constitution

A

Established the Judicial Branch. Very brief, Supreme Court and lower courts are outlined.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1st Amendment to the Constitution

A

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2nd Amendment to the Constitution

A

The right to Bear Arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3rd Amendment to the Constitution

A

Quartering of Soldiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Search and Seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

5th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process, Takings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

6th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Right to a speedy trial by Jury, Witnesses, Council

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

7th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Jury Trial in Civil Lawsuits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

8th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Excessive Fines, Cruel and Unusual Punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

9th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Non-enumerated rights retained by people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

10th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Rights reserved to States or People

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

13th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Abolition of Slavery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

14th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Citizenship Rights, Equal Protection, Apportionment, Civil War Debt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

15th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Right to Vote not denied by Race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Federalist Paper 10

A

Madison - Factions. Majority Factions are bad. The Larger the nation, the more factions are present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Federalist Paper 51

A

Madison - Outlines checks and Balances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Federalist Paper 78

A

Hamilton - Judicial Branch is weak, supports judicial review, but it didn’t officially exist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

George Washington

A

1st President, Farewell Address, Leans Federalist Party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

John Adams

A

2nd President of the United States, Loses 2nd Term in 1800, Federalist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

3rd President of the United States, Dem-Rep party, won 1800

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

7th President of the United States, Democratic, 1828, popular, Indian removal- Trail of Tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

16th President of the United States, Republican, 1860, Pro-union, anti-slavery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

An armed uprising by struggling farmers in 1786-1787 protesting economic hardships and lack of debt relief, which exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and spurred calls for a stronger central government.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Crevecoeur

A

“Letters from an American Farmer” Diversity + Hard work = citizen. “What then is the American, this new man?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Corn Tassel

A

Cherokee Leader - Same area doesn’t mean shared ideas and beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

John Marshall

A

Judge during Marbury V Madison –> led to Judicial Review

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

McCulloch vs. Maryland

A

Established that congress had the authority to establish a national bank under the Necessary and Proper clause. Affirmed the supremacy of the federal law over state law.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

“What to the Slave is your fourth of July?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

George Fitzhugh

A

Proslavery - Slavery was beneficial for both African Americans and White People. More humane than the free labor in the North.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Stephen Douglas

A

Lincoln’s opponent, popular sovereignty on slavery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Charles Sumner

A

A leading figure in the antislavery movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Alexander Stevens

A

Vice President of the Confederate States. Pro-slavery, Cornerstone Speech - the confederacy was built upon the belief in the racial inequality of African Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Thaddeus Stevens

A

Major proponent of reconstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

John C Calhoun

A

Pro-Slavery, Slavery is positive good. Believed in concurrent Majority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Stacy Schiff

A

Founders saw this coming (Polarization, factions) but didn’t know the scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Eric Foner

A

Second Founding

39
Q

Danielle Allen

A

Consitution’s immoral compromise, celebrate good

40
Q

Article 4 of the Constitution

A

State Relationships - must respect the laws of other states. Provides a process for admitting new states. Each state will receive federal protection.

41
Q

Article 5 of the Constitution

A

Amendment creation process described

42
Q

Article 6 of the Constitution

A

Supremacy Clause - Establishes the Constitution and the federal laws as the supreme law of the land.

43
Q

Article 7 of the Constitution

A

Ratification of the Constitution - only 9 states needed to ratify it.

44
Q

11th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Prevents citizens of one state, or citizens or subjects of foreign countries, from suing another state in federal court without that state’s consent

45
Q

12th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Revised the Electoral College process by requiring separate votes for President and Vice President to prevent election ties and conflicts.

46
Q

16th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Allowed Congress to collect a federal income tax

47
Q

17th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Established the direct election of U.S. Senators by the people

48
Q

18th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol (Prohibition)

49
Q

19th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Granted women the right to vote (Women’s Suffrage)

50
Q

20th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Changed presidential and congressional term start dates (January 20 and January 3).

51
Q

21st Amendment to the Constitution

A

Repealed Prohibition

52
Q

22nd Amendment to the Constitution

A

Limited the President to two terms in office

53
Q

23rd Amendment to the Constitution

A

Gave Washington, D.C. residents the right to vote in presidential elections

54
Q

24th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Prohibited poll taxes in federal elections

55
Q

25th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Set rules for presidential succession and dealing with presidential disabilities

56
Q

26th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Lowered the voting age to 18

57
Q

27th Amendment to the Constitution

A

Delayed congressional pay raises until the next election

58
Q

Human Predicament

A

Revolution, Anarchy, Competing Groups, Tyranny

59
Q

The Good Society

A

We as a society should pursue Freedom, Virtue (The Good), and Welfare (Prosperity)

60
Q

Collective Action Problem

A

A situation where people would be collectively better off if they could
cooperate but find themselves unable to do that because they have
conflicting interests and goals.

61
Q

Rule of Law

A

Laws, not individuals, should govern a society. Everyone, including leaders, is subject to the law and no one is above it.

62
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

In its natural state, life with
others is “nasty, brutish, and
short.” “A war of all against all”

63
Q

Martin Luther

A

Monk in the Catholic Church, 95 Theses, Faith alone saves.
Faith arises from reading the scriptures. Begins transfer of religious responsibility to the individual and away from the Church.

64
Q

John Calvin

A

All are fallen/totally depraved
Man’s heart is evil and a slave to sin.
“Elect” saved/preserved by grace alone
God chooses who he wants, when he wants
No rewards for good behavior

65
Q

John Winthrop

A

“For we must consider that we shall be as a “city upon a hill.” The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world.”

66
Q

Markets Vs. Mercantalism

A
  1. Command or planning
    Power and authority of the government to create cooperation and resolve conflicting interests as well as allocate resources and set prices.
    Examples: Mercantilism, Communism
  2. Market
    Free exchange creates cooperation, and market-determined prices create incentives that allocate resources
    Example: Capitalism
67
Q

5 Principles of Rule of Law

A

Generality
Prospectivity
Publicity
Consent
Due Process

68
Q

Role of Profits

A

Profits: Excess of revenue over costs
High profits = Attract resources and new business activity
Low profits or losses = Firms Exit

69
Q

Adam Smith

A

“The Wealth of Nations”,
1. Value of markets
2. Self-interest as motivation - “Not the benevolence of the butcher…”
3. Specialization
4. Invisible Hand

70
Q

Government’s role in the Market

A

Prevent coercion and fraud
Provide basic transportation and communication networks
Define property rights
Enforce exchange agreements
Provide money

71
Q

The Frontier (and its end)

A

The vast, unsettled western lands in the United States that offered opportunities for settlement and expansion. The “end of the frontier” refers to the closing of the frontier in 1890, marking the end of the era of westward expansion.

72
Q

Reconstruction

A

The period (1865-1877) following the Civil War in which the U.S. government attempted to rebuild and integrate the Southern states back into the Union, while also addressing the rights of newly freed African Americans.

73
Q

The Gilded Age

A

A term for the late 19th century (1870s-1900) in the U.S., marked by rapid industrialization, political corruption, and vast wealth inequality, with a shiny exterior (“gilded”) that masked widespread social and economic problems.

74
Q

Industrialization and Private Power

A

The transformation from an agrarian economy to one based on mass production and factories, leading to the growth of powerful private corporations that dominated industries like steel, oil, and railroads.

75
Q

Progressivism

A

A political movement (late 19th and early 20th centuries) aimed at addressing social, economic, and political issues caused by industrialization, urbanization, and corruption, focusing on reforms such as labor rights, women’s suffrage, and government accountability.

76
Q

Populism

A

A political ideology or movement that advocates for the rights and power of ordinary people, often focusing on issues like economic fairness, opposition to elite power, and advocating for agricultural and rural interests.

77
Q

Market Weaknesses

A

Failures in the free market system, such as monopolies, income inequality, and economic recessions, that can harm consumers, workers, and society at large.

78
Q

Political Machines

A

Corrupt political organizations, often led by a single boss or small group, that control local or state governments through patronage, bribery, and manipulation of elections to maintain power and influence.

79
Q

Women’s Suffrage

A

The movement and eventual legal victories that granted women the right to vote, culminating in the passage of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920

80
Q

The Great Depression

A

A severe worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929, triggered by the stock market crash, leading to massive unemployment, widespread poverty, and a long economic slump.

81
Q

The New Deal

A

A series of government programs and reforms initiated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression to provide relief, recovery, and reform, including Social Security, labor rights, and public works projects.

82
Q

Fiscal and Monetary Policy

A

Fiscal Policy: Government actions related to taxation and spending to influence the economy.
Monetary Policy: The central bank’s control over the money supply and interest rates to regulate inflation and stabilize the economy.

83
Q

Hoover vs. FDR

A

The contrasting approaches of Presidents Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression. Hoover favored limited government intervention, while FDR introduced the New Deal to provide direct relief and reform.

84
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

A landmark 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the doctrine of “separate but equal.”

85
Q

Brown v. Board of Education

A

A 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, declaring that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional and mandated integration.

86
Q

Minor v. Happersett

A

An 1875 U.S. Supreme Court case that ruled that the right to vote was not guaranteed to women under the U.S. Constitution, a decision that delayed women’s suffrage until the 19th Amendment.

87
Q

Jim Crow and Segregation

A

The system of state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States from the late 19th century until the 1960s, discriminating against African Americans in public facilities, education, and voting.

88
Q

The Civil Rights Movement

A

A decades-long struggle, primarily during the 1950s and 1960s, aimed at ending racial discrimination and securing civil rights for African Americans, including landmark events like the 1963 March on Washington and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

89
Q

Social Movements of the 1960s

A

A series of movements advocating for social change, including the Civil Rights Movement, Women’s Liberation, Anti-Vietnam War protests, and the rise of the counterculture.

90
Q

Conservative Responses

A

Political and social reactions from conservative groups to movements for social change in the 1960s, often emphasizing traditional values, limited government, and resistance to liberal reforms.

91
Q

Moral Individualism

A

A philosophical and political belief that individuals should have the freedom to make their own moral choices without interference from the government or society, often linked to classical liberalism.

92
Q

Oneness vs. Manyness

A

A philosophical debate about whether society should prioritize unity and a shared identity (“oneness”) or celebrate diversity and individuality (“manyness”). This tension is often discussed in relation to national identity, immigration, and multiculturalism.

93
Q

Obligations

A

Duties or responsibilities that individuals or groups have to others or society, often tied to ethical, legal, or moral expectations. In American history, obligations are often discussed in the context of citizenship, justice, and civil rights.

Trig Derivatives (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions