American goverment mid term worksheet 6 and 7 Flashcards
the study of ——————-in America aims to understand the distribution of the population’s belief about politics and policy issues
Public opinion
—————–is the cience of human population. The most valuable tools for understanding demographic changes in America is the ————-. The constitution requires that the government conduct an actual enumeration or census once every ———-years
demography
census
10 years
federal law allows ————————-new immigrants to be admittewd into the country every year. In recent years illegal immigrants outnumbered legal immigrant
1 million
12% of population is immigrant. 20 percent is citizen
America has always been know as a melting pot but now America is projected to be a ————————meaning that America will soon cease to have a white anglo-saxon majority
minority majority
In th epast 60 years most of America’s growth has been centered in the west and south with the NE seeing very low growth. This creates———————–in the House of representatives. After every census , the 435 seats in the house are reapportioned based on population changes
reapportionment
a————————-is the process by which an individual acquires her political orientation. Most political socialization for children is perform through family and not though formal classes.—————— has ten the place of parents as the main sources of political socialization. Average grade school children spend nore time watching TV than they do in school.—————- has displaced parents as the chief source of information for children
political socialization
mass media
television
public opinion polls rely on a ——————–of the population. A—————————–is typicallyy 1000 to 1500 people chosen at random through random digit dialing. these polls have a ——————- of plus/minus 3% meaning that 95% of the time the poll reflects what the general population thinks with plus/minus 3%
sample
ramdom sampling
sampling error
what are some criticisms of polls?
make bad policy acceptable.
polls results can be manupulated, bandwagon effect create followers
a—————————–is a coherent set of values and beliefs about public policy.—————–ideology supports a wide scope for central government , often involving policies that aim to promote equality.—————– ideology supports a less active scope of government that gives freer reighn to the private sector
politcal ideology
liberal ideology
conservative ideology
overall, most Americans consistently choose the ———————–label over ———————-.41% conservativw-36%moderate-21% liberals. For this reasons , governemnt in America is relatively restrained as compared to many European countries
conservative
liberal
generally, younger people are liberals and younger people are less likely to vote. Liberals are therefore under represented in government and voting. There is also a ———–gap in America with women being more likely to vote democratic and liberally than men
gender
—————————consists of the activities citizens engage in to influence the selection of political leaders and policies. Conventional participation includes:——————-Unconventional participation includes:
political participation
voting, trying to persuade others, ringing door bells.
protesting, civil disobedience, violence
studies support the teory that ———————-citizens participate more in the political process. Education, income and occupation determine one’s level of political participation. The gap betweeen participation and the national average is closing in part because minorities have a group consciousness which inspires voting
educated upper class
the——————includes tv, radio, newspapers, magazines and the internet.—————-media includes newspapers and magazines and —————media includes radio, tv and the internet
mass media
print media
electronic media
THE—————regulates broadcast media. Althought the FCC is an independent regulatory agency, it is subject to many political pressures. the fcc regulates broadcast media in 3 important ways. What are they?
FCC
How many stations can be owned or control by a single company
conduct periodic examination of the goals and performances of stations.
issued a number of fair treatment rule concerning asscessible airwaves for political canditates for the same office
private ownership of the media and the 1st amendment right to free speech has allowed American journalist to criticize government leaders and policies. However private ownershio of th emedia creates a proble. What is it
what the content of news broadcast is shape by viewership
—————————-and —————–have a symbiotic rlationship. Journalist rely public officials to get information and public officials rely on journalista to get their message to th epublic. when reporters feel that their access to information is limitted, they complain that they are being————-
journalists
politicians
censored
Analysis of news events rarely last more than———–.Americans now hear only sound bites of ———– seconds or less of their politicians
a minute
10 seconds
politicians have found it increasingly difficult to get air time on major networks as rating pressures have led to decreased political coverage. Surveys sho that people are more fascinated by stories with
conflict, violence, disaster, or scandal
the media is a key political institution. the media can greatly effect the public opinion about a president. How does this happen?
increasing attention to a specific problem. the media influence the criteria by which the public evaluates political leaders. by reporting more on th epositive, less on the negative or vicse vesa
the media watchdog function also helps to restrict politicians. How does this happen?
it helps keep leaders from doing their jobs, covering problems, such as seven on your side
even though we are in the high tech age of media, people are still not more well-informed. because they prefer not to be. Explain
People are more interested in sensational news , news that be entertaining them
Since the rise of tv news, newspaper circulation rates have declining. Many political scientists feel that this is unfortunate because studies find that regular newspaper readers are better informed and more likey to vote. Magazines are also losing out to the internet for readership.————————-has displaced the pring media as America’s principle source of news and informaions. More people rely on ————————– for news than any other medium
electronic media
television
