American English File Books Flashcards
Tutor
noun
/ˈtjuːtə(r)/
1- a private teacher, especially one who teaches an individual student or a very small group
2- He worked as a tutor to the family’s three young children.
Concept
noun
/ˈkɑːnsept/
1- an idea or a principle that is connected with something abstract
concept of something the concept of social class
helping students grasp abstract concepts such as leadership and teamwork
basic/fundamental/key/core concepts
concept that… the concept that everyone should have equality of opportunity
the concept behind something the concepts behind an artist’s work
مفهوم
Issue
noun
/ˈɪʃuː/
Idioms
topic of discussion
1- an important topic that people are discussing or arguing about
a key/major issue
This is a big issue; we need more time to think about it.
Teacher education has become a political issue.
They discussed a number of important environmental issues.
consequence
noun
/ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/
B1
1- a result of something that has happened, especially an unpleasant result
offender
offend
offended
noun
B2
/əˈfendər/
(rather formal)
1- a person who commits a crime.
a persistent/serious/violent, etc. offender
a young offender institution
مجرم
——-
offend verb
B2
/əˈfend/
Verb Forms
[transitive, often passive, intransitive] offend (somebody) to make somebody feel upset because of something you say or do that is rude or embarrassing
They’ll be offended if you don’t go to their wedding.
رنجاندن، ناراحت کردن
تخطی کردن، متغیر کردن، اذیت کردن، صدمه زدن، دلخور کردن
———
offended adjective
/əˈfendɪd/
feeling upset because of something said or done that is rude or embarrassing
Alice looked rather offended.
criminal
a gang of criminals
noun
/ˈkrɪmɪnl/
A2
a gang of criminals
گروهی از مجرمان
1- a person who commits a crime
a convicted criminal
2- Police sometimes put themselves in danger when arresting violent criminals.
3- Society does not know how to deal with hardened criminals (= people who regularly commit crimes and are not sorry for what they do).
(especially North American English) a career criminal (= who earns their income through criminal activities)
He admits to being a petty criminal (= who commits crimes that are not very serious).
white-collar criminals
crime noun
sufficient
adjective
/səˈfɪʃnt/
1- enough for a particular purpose; as much as you need
Allow sufficient time to get there.
One dose should be sufficient.
sufficient to do something These reasons are not sufficient to justify the ban.
Our budget is hardly sufficient to pay people, let alone buy any new equipment.
sufficient for something/somebody Is £100 sufficient for your expenses?
The salary proved sufficient for his needs.
Rap
noun
/ræp/
[countable]
1- a quick, sharp hit or knock
There was a sharp rap on the door.
lead
verb
/liːd/
show the way
1- to go with or in front of a person or an animal to show the way or to make them go in the right direction
SYNONYM guide
پیشرو بودن، در راس بودن
کابل هادی، هدایت نمودن
therapy
noun
/ˈθerəpi/
(plural therapies)
[uncountable, countable]
1- the treatment of a physical problem or an illness
2- He is receiving therapy for cancer.
Most leukaemia patients undergo some sort of drug therapy (= treatment using drugs).
alternative/complementary therapies (= treatments that do not use traditional drugs)
new cancer therapies
They recommend exercise therapy for patients with chronic back pain.
strike
verb
/straɪk/
hit somebody/something
1- to hit somebody/something hard or with force
به ذهن خطور کردن، به ذهن رسیدن
اعتصاب، یورش، حمله کردن، حمله، ضربه زدن
اعتصاب
versus
preposition
/ˈvɜːrsəs/
1- used to show that two teams or sides are against each other
It is France versus Brazil in the final.
in the case of the State versus Ford
change purse
noun
/ˈtʃeɪndʒ pɜːrs/
(North American English)
1- a small bag made of leather, plastic, etc. for
binder
binder noun
/ˈbaɪndə(r)/
/ˈbaɪndər/
[countable] a hard cover for holding sheets of paper, magazines, etc. together
a ring binder
Subscribe today and get a free binder with your first issue.
scissors
noun
/ˈsɪzərz/
[plural]
1- A tool for cutting paper or cloth, that has two sharp blades (= cutting edges) with handles, joined together in the middle
a pair of scissors
I Will Keep You Posted
If you tell someone you’re going to
“keep them posted,” you mean that you will let them know of any changes or updates as you become aware of them. You’re promising to
“keep someone in the loop” about any new occurrences relevant to a particular subject they’re interested in monitoring.
messy
adjective
/ˈmesi/
(comparative messier, superlative messiest)
1- dirty and/or untidy
SYNONYM chaotic
The house was always messy.
The children got really messy playing in the woods.
(North American English) Her long black hair was messy and dirty.
neat
adjective
/niːt/
(comparative neater, superlative neatest)
1- tidy and in order; carefully done or arranged
She kept her desk extremely neat.
You’ve got very neat handwriting!
neat rows of books
She was wearing a neat black suit.
They sat in her neat and tidy kitchen.
pleasure
noun
/ˈpleʒər/
Idioms
[uncountable]
1- a state of feeling or being happy or satisfied
SYNONYM enjoyment
2- His eyes lit up with pleasure.
3- Encourage your child to read for pleasure.
4- He takes no pleasure in his work.
5- She took pleasure in shocking her parents.
5- A large number of people fail to derive any pleasure at all from horror movies.
bracelet
bracelet noun
/ˈbreɪslət/
piece of jewellery worn around the wrist or arm
She had a charm bracelet on her wrist.
jewellery
noun
/ˈdʒuːəlri/
1- objects such as rings and necklaces that people wear as decoration
silver/gold jewellery
She has some lovely pieces of jewellery.
I don’t wear jewellery of any kind.
She inherited the family jewellery.
The nurse asked her to remove all her jewellery.
(British English) a jewellery shop
(US English) a jewelry store
wrist
noun
/rɪst/
1- the joint between the hand and the arm
She’s broken her wrist.
He wore a copper bracelet on his wrist.
necklace
noun
/ˈnekləs/
1- A piece of jewellery consisting of a chain, string of beads, etc. worn around the neck
a diamond necklace
side dish
noun
/ˈsaɪd dɪʃ/
(North American English, informal side /saɪd/ /saɪd/)
1- a small amount of food, for example a salad, served with the main course of a meal
SYNONYM side order
a side dish of fresh vegetables
journey
noun
/ˈdʒɜːrni/
1- an act of traveling from one place to another, especially when they are far apart.
مسافرت، سیاحت، سفر
move out
move out phrasal verb
move out
to leave your old home
OPPOSITE move in
Sort
noun
/sɔːrt/
[countable]
1- a group or type of people or things that are similar in a particular way
SYNONYM = kind
sofa or couch
In British
noun
/ˈsəʊfə/
a long comfortable seat with a back and arms, for two or more people to sit on
She was curled up on the sofa.
SYNONYM settee, couch
chew
chew verb
/tʃuː/
/tʃuː/
Verb Forms
Idioms Phrasal Verbs
[intransitive, transitive] to bite food into small pieces in your mouth with your teeth to make it easier to swallow
chew (at/on/through something) After the operation you may find it difficult to chew and swallow.
chew something (up) teeth designed for chewing meat
He is always chewing gum.
mind
verb
/maɪnd/
be upset/annoyed
(used especially in questions or with negatives; not used in the passive)
1- to be upset, annoyed or worried by something
mind (something) I don’t mind the cold—it’s the rain I don’t like.
I hope you don’t mind the noise.
He wouldn’t have minded so much if she’d told him the truth.
mind about something Did she mind about not getting the job?
mind doing something Did she mind not getting the job?
mind somebody/something doing something Do your parents mind you leaving home?
(formal) Do your parents mind your leaving home?
mind how, what, etc… She never minded how hot it was.
mind that… He minded that he hadn’t been asked.
Extra Examples
Oxford Collocations Dictionary
Want to learn more?
Find out which words work together and produce more natural sounding English with the Oxford Collocations Dictionary app.
asking permission
[intransitive, transitive] used to ask for permission to do something, or to ask somebody in a polite way to do something
Do you mind if I open the window?
mind somebody doing something Are you married, if you don’t mind me asking?
(formal) Are you married, if you don’t mind my asking?
mind doing something Would you mind explaining that again, please?
Do you mind driving? I’m feeling pretty tired.
Would you mind terribly if I went on my own?
Express Yourself Asking for help
Express Yourself Asking for permission/a favour
not care/worry
not mind [intransitive, transitive, no passive] to not care or not be concerned about something
‘Would you like tea or coffee?’ ‘I don’t mind—either’s fine.’
mind somebody Don’t mind her—she didn’t mean what she said.
Don’t mind me (= don’t let me disturb you)—I’ll just sit here quietly.
Extra Examples
Oxford Collocations Dictionary
be willing
not mind doing something [transitive] to be willing to do something
I don’t mind helping if you can’t find anyone else.
They had thought the boys wouldn’t mind sharing; as it turned out, they minded bitterly.
More Like This Verbs usually followed by -ing forms
Oxford Collocations Dictionary
warning
(British English)
(also watch North American English, British English)
[transitive] used to tell somebody to be careful about something or warn them about a danger
mind something Mind (= Don’t fall on) that step!
Mind your head! (= for example, be careful you don’t hit it on a low ceiling)
Mind your language! (= don’t speak in a rude or offensive way)
mind how, where, etc… Mind how you go! (= often used when you say goodbye to somebody)
Mind where you’re treading!
mind (that)… Mind you don’t cut yourself—that knife’s very sharp.
You must be home for dinner, mind.
‘That’ is nearly always left out in this pattern.
TOPICS DangerB1
obey
[transitive] mind somebody (North American English, Irish English) to pay attention to what somebody says, and obey them
And the moral of the story is: always mind your mother!
take care of
(especially British English)
(North American English usually watch)
[transitive] mind somebody/something to take care of somebody/something
SYNONYM look after
Who’s minding the children this evening?
Could you mind my bags for a moment?
Word Origin
Idioms
do you mind?
(ironic) used to show that you are annoyed about something that somebody has just said or done
Do you mind? I was here before you.
I don’t mind admitting, telling you…, etc.
used to emphasize what you are saying, especially when you are talking about something that may be embarrassing for you
I was scared, I don’t mind telling you!
I don’t mind if I do
(informal) used to say politely that you would like something you have been offered
‘Cup of tea, Brian?’ ‘I don’t mind if I do.’
if you don’t mind | if you wouldn’t mind
used to check that somebody does not object to something you want to do, or to ask somebody politely to do something
I’d like to ask you a few questions, if you don’t mind.
Can you read that form carefully, if you wouldn’t mind, and then sign it.
(often ironic) used to show that you object to something that somebody has said or done
I give the orders around here, if you don’t mind.
used to refuse an offer politely
‘Will you come with us tonight?’ ‘I won’t, if you don’t mind—I’ve got a lot of work to do.’
if you don’t mind me/my saying so…
used when you are going to criticize somebody or say something that might upset them
That colour doesn’t really suit you, if you don’t mind my saying so.
I wouldn’t mind something/doing something
used to say politely that you would very much like something/to do something
I wouldn’t mind a cup of coffee, if it’s no trouble.
I wouldn’t mind having his money!
mind/watch your language
to be careful about what you say in order not to upset or offend somebody
Watch your language, young man!
The referee told the players to mind their language.
mind your own business
(informal) to think about your own affairs and not ask questions about or try to get involved in other people’s lives
‘What are you reading?’ ‘Mind your own business!’
I was just sitting there, minding my own business, when a man started shouting at me.
mind your Ps and Qs
(informal) to behave in the most polite way you can
mind the shop
(British English)
(North American English mind the store)
to be in charge of something for a short time while somebody is away
Who’s minding the shop while the boss is abroad?
mind/watch your step
to walk carefully
to behave in a careful and sensible way
You’d better watch your step with him if you don’t want trouble.
mind you
(informal) used to add something to what you have just said, especially something that makes it less strong
I’ve heard they’re getting divorced. Mind you, I’m not surprised—they were always arguing.
never mind
(especially British English) used to tell somebody not to worry or be upset
Have you broken it? Never mind, we can buy another one.
used to suggest that something is not important
This isn’t where I intended to take you—but never mind, it’s just as good.
used to emphasize that what is true about the first thing you have said is even more true about the second
SYNONYM let alone
I never thought she’d win once, never mind twice!
never mind (about) (doing) something
used to tell somebody they shouldn’t think about something or do something because it is not as important as something else, or because you will do it
Never mind your car—what about the damage to my fence?
Never mind washing the dishes—I’ll do them later.
never mind the fact that
used to say that one thing is a surprising contrast to another
The big house is a status symbol—never mind the fact that most of the rooms will be empty.
never you mind
(informal) used to tell somebody not to ask about something because you are not going to tell them
‘Who told you about it?’ ‘Never you mind!’
Never you mind how I found out—it’s true, isn’t it?
Phrasal Verbs
mind out
See mind in the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary
See mind in the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary of Academic English
Check pronunciation: mind
Other results
All matches
mind noun
Mind
mind
mind map noun
mind out
mind game noun
mind reader noun
mind-altering adjective
See more
Phrasal verbs
mind out
mind out (for somebody/something)
Idioms
to my mind
on your mind
blow your mind
cross your mind
lose your mind
See more
Nearby words
mincing adjective
mind noun
mind verb
Mind
mind-altering adjective
23 December 2022
hedge
noun
From the topic
GARDENS
B2
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willing
adjective
/ˈwɪlɪŋ/
[not usually before noun]
1- willing (to do something) not objecting to doing something; having no reason for not doing something
2- Many consumers are willing to pay more for organic food
She seemed willing to accept my explanation.
He’s still trying to find a lawyer willing to take his case.
I’m willing to give you the benefit of the doubt.
I’m willing to bet that she knows where he is.
He’s quite willing to do anything to win.
I’m perfectly willing to discuss the problem.
They are willing and able to share their knowledge and experience.
We’re ready and willing to do everything necessary to meet this challenge.
Somehow or other I must get a new job
adverb
/ˈsʌmhaʊ/
(also North American English, informal someway, someways)
1- in a way that is not known or certain.
We must stop him from seeing her somehow.
2- Somehow or other I must get a new job.
به هر طریقی
interfere
verb
/ˌɪntərˈfɪr/
[intransitive]
1- to get involved in and try to influence a situation that should not really involve you, in a way that annoys other people.
2- I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own decisions.
regret
verb
/rɪˈɡret/
to feel sorry about something you have done or about something that you have not been able to do.
1- (regret something)If you don’t do it now, you’ll only regret it.
depend
verb
/dɪˈpend/
depending on
1- Starting salary varies from £26 000 to £30 500, depending on experience.
2- He either resigned or was sacked, depending on who you talk to.
admit
I hate to admit it, but I think he is right.
Admit it! You were terrified!
/ədˈmɪt/
/ədˈmɪt/
Verb Forms
Phrasal Verbs
accept truth
[intransitive, transitive] to agree, often unwillingly, that something is true
SYNONYM confess
It was a stupid thing to do, I admit.
+ speech ‘I’m very nervous,’ she admitted reluctantly.
admit to something Don’t be afraid to admit to your mistakes.
admit to doing something She admits to being strict with her children.
admit something He admitted all his mistakes.
She stubbornly refuses to admit the truth.
Why don’t you just admit defeat (= recognize that you cannot do something) and let someone else try?
I hate to admit it, but I think he is right.
Admit it! You were terrified!
I’m almost ashamed to admit it, but I watch this show.
admit (that)… They freely admit (that) they still have a lot to learn.
You must admit that it all sounds very strange.
She readily admits mistakes were made.
admit to somebody that… I couldn’t admit to my parents that I was finding the course difficult.
be admitted that… It was generally admitted that the government had acted too quickly.
be admitted to be/have something The appointment is now generally admitted to have been a mistake.
Extra Examples
Oxford Collocations Dictionary
Definitions on the go
Look up any word in the dictionary offline, anytime, anywhere with the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary app.
accept blame
[intransitive, transitive] to say that you have done something wrong or illegal
SYNONYM confess
admit to something He refused to admit to the other charges.
admit to doing something She admitted to having stolen the car.
admit something She admitted theft.
He refused to admit his guilt.
The hospital has admitted liability for the accident.
admit doing something She admitted having driven the car without insurance.
Synonyms admit
Oxford Collocations Dictionary
allow to enter/join
[transitive] (formal) to allow somebody/something to enter a place
admit somebody/something Each ticket admits one adult.
admit somebody/something to/into something You will not be admitted to the theatre after the performance has started.
The narrow windows admit little light into the room.
[transitive] (formal) to allow somebody to become a member of a club, a school or an organization
admit somebody The society admits all US citizens over 21.
admit somebody to/into something Women were only admitted into the club last year.
TOPICS EducationC1
to hospital
[transitive, often passive] (formal) to take somebody to a hospital or other institution where they can receive special care
be admitted to something Two crash victims were admitted to the local hospital.
Wordfinder
TOPICS HealthcareC1
More Like This Consonant-doubling verbs
evidence
[transitive] (formal) to accept that evidence is legally valid and can be presented in court
Judge Neilson refused to admit the evidence because it had been illegally obtained.
Word Origin
Phrasal Verbs
admit of
See admit in the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary
See admit in the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary of Academic English
Check pronunciation: admit
Other results
All matches
admit of
admit of something
Phrasal verbs
admit of something
Nearby words
admissible adjective
admission noun
admit verb
admit of phrasal verb
admittance noun
23 December 2022
hedge
noun
From the topic
GARDENS
B2
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© 2022 Oxford University Press
End up
end up phrasal verb
end up
to find yourself in a place or situation at the end of a process or period of time
end up doing something I ended up doing all the work myself.
+ adv./prep. If you go on like this you’ll end up in prison.
We moved around a lot when I was young but we ended up in London.
+ adj. If he carries on driving like that, he’ll end up dead.
Aim
aim verb
OPAL WOPAL S
/eɪm/
/eɪm/
Verb Forms
[intransitive, transitive] to try or plan to achieve something
He has always aimed high (= tried to achieve a lot).
aim for something We should aim for a bigger share of the market.
The team is aiming for the top this season.
Don’t try to aim for perfection.
aim at something The government is aiming at a 50% reduction in unemployment.
aim to do something They are aiming to reduce unemployment by 50%.
The project aims to provide employment for people with learning difficulties.
We aim to be there around six.
aim at doing something The training programme aims at raising employees’ awareness about human rights.
Vow
verb
/vaʊ/
C1
Verb Forms
1- to make a formal and serious promise to do something or a formal statement that is true
vow to do something She vowed never to speak to him again.
vow (to somebody) (that)… He vowed (that) he had not hurt her.
vow something They vowed eternal friendship.
+ speech ‘I’ll be back,’ she vowed.
قول دادن، سوگند خوردن، عهد کردن؛ قول، سوگند، عهد
وعده، نذر، پیمان
Can
can you.? = Please do it
Can you sign here?
Can you spell that?
Can I have…? = Please give me (your passport,
etc.)
Can I have your passport, please?
Can I have my key, please?
Odd
adjective
/ɑd/
(comparative odder, superlative oddest)
strange
strange or unusual
1- They’re very odd people.
2- There’s something odd about that man.
3- That painting looks very odd.
4- a teenage girl with rather odd hair
After a while she noticed something quite odd.
5- When we got inside something struck me as odd.
6- It’s an odd little movie.
عجیب و غیر عادی، سوگند
American and British English
Greetings
American and British English
elevator = American English
lift = British English
z= /zi/ in American English
z= /zed/ in British English
Greetings
Good morning = > 12:00 p.m.
Good afternoon = 12:00 p.m. > 6:00 p.m.
Good evening = 6:00 p.m. >
Good night = Goodbye (when you go to bed)
Madam = a polite way to greet a woman
sir=a polite way to greet a man
Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives
1- Subject pronouns
Before the verb
I like your dress.
You are late.
He is my friend.
It is raining.
She is on holiday.
We live in England.
They come from London.
2- Object pronouns
After the verb
Can you help me please?
I can see you.
She doesn’t like him.
I saw her in town today.
We saw them in town yesterday, but they didn’t see us.
After a preposition
We use object pronouns after prepositions.
She is waiting for me.
I’ll get it for you.
Give it to him.
Why are you looking at her?
Don’t take it from us.
I’ll speak to them.
3- Possessive adjectives
Before a noun
My dog is big.
Her cat is brown.
Their sister works downtown.
4- Possessive pronouns
Without a noun
The dog is mine.
The brown cat is hers.
The car is ours.
Whose
We use whose to ask about possession.
Whose car is that?
Whose is that car?
Prepositions
Prepositions of Direction
To refer to a direction, use the prepositions “to,” “in,” “into,” “on,” and “onto.”
She drove to the store.
Don’t ring the doorbell. Come right in(to) the house.
Drive on(to) the grass and park the car there.
Prepositions of Time
To refer to one point in time, use the prepositions “in,” “at,” and “on.”
Use “in” with parts of the day (not specific times), months, years, and seasons.
He reads in the evening.
The weather is cold in December.
She was born in 1996.
We rake leaves in the fall.
Use “at” with the time of day. Also use “at” with noon, night, and midnight.
I go to work at 8:00.
He eats lunch at noon.
She often goes for a walk at night.
They go to bed at midnight.
Use “on” with days.
I work on Saturdays.
He does laundry on Wednesdays.
To refer to extended time, use the prepositions “since,” “for,” “by,” “during,” “from…to,” “from…until,” “with,” and “within.”
I have lived in Minneapolis since 2005. (I moved there in 2005 and still live there.)
He will be in Toronto for 3 weeks. (He will spend 3 weeks in Toronto.)
She will finish her homework by 6:00. (She will finish her homework sometime between now and 6:00.)
He works part time during the summer. (For the period of time throughout the summer.)
I will collect data from January to June. (Starting in January and ending in June.)
They are in school from August until May. (Starting in August and ending in May.)
She will graduate within 2 years. (Not longer than 2 years.)
Prepositions of Place
To refer to a place, use the prepositions “in” (the point itself), “at” (the general vicinity), “on” (the surface), and “inside” (something contained).
They will meet in the lunchroom.
She was waiting at the corner.
He left his phone on the bed.
Place the pen inside the drawer.
To refer to an object higher than a point, use the prepositions “over” and “above.” To refer to an object lower than a point, use the prepositions “below,” “beneath,” “under,” and “underneath.”
The bird flew over the house.
The plates were on the shelf above the cups.
Basements are dug below ground.
There is hard wood beneath the carpet.
The squirrel hid the nuts under a pile of leaves.
The cat is hiding underneath the box.
To refer to an object close to a point, use the prepositions “by,” “near,” “next to,” “between,” “among,” and “opposite.”
The gas station is by the grocery store.
The park is near her house.
Park your bike next to the garage.
There is a deer between the two trees.
There is a purple flower among the weeds.
The garage is opposite the house.
Prepositions of Location
To refer to a location, use the prepositions “in” (an area or volume), “at” (a point), and “on” (a surface).
They live in the country. (an area)
She will find him at the library. (a point)
There is a lot of dirt on the window. (a surface)
Prepositions of Spatial Relationships
To refer to a spatial relationship, use the prepositions “above,” “across,” “against,” “ahead of,” “along,” “among,” “around,” “behind,” “below,”
“beneath,” “beside,” “between,” “from,” “in front of,” “inside,” “near,” “off,” “out of,” “through,” “toward,” “under,” and “within.”
The post office is across the street from the grocery store.
We will stop at many attractions along the way.
The kids are hiding behind the tree.
His shirt is off.
Walk toward the garage and then turn left.
Place a check mark within the box.
Would you
Would you like…?
Would you like + noun
Would you like a burger?
Yes, please.
No, thanks.
Would you like to + verb
Would you like to watch the game?
Yes, I’d love to.
Sorry, I can’t.
qualification
noun
/ˌkwɑːlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/
1- an exam that you have passed or a course of study that you have successfully completed
academic/educational/professional/vocational qualifications
a coaching/teaching/nursing qualification
He left school with no formal qualifications.
to have qualifications
to gain/get/obtain/possess/achieve qualifications
In this job, experience counts for more than paper qualifications.
qualification in something Too many school-leavers lack basic qualifications in English and Maths.
صلاحیت
bow tie
bow tie noun
/ˌbəʊ ˈtaɪ/
man’s tie that is tied in the shape of a bow and that does not hang down
niece
noun
/niːs/
the daughter of your brother or sister; the daughter of your husband’s or wife’s brother or sister
cousin
noun
/ˈkʌzn/
(also first cousin)
a child of your aunt or uncle
She’s my cousin.
We’re cousins.
This is my cousin Richard.
He’s a cousin once removed (= separated by one generation of our family).
She’s a cousin of the bride.
cousin to somebody He claims to be a cousin to the Queen.
nephew
noun
/ˈnefjuː/
the son of your brother or sister; the son of your husband’s or wife’s brother or sister
COMPARE niece
Appearance
noun
/əˈpɪərəns/
way something looks/seems
1- the way that somebody/something looks on the outside; what somebody/something seems to be
2- the physical/outward/external appearance of something
3- She had never been greatly concerned about her appearance.
pyramid
noun
/ˈpɪrəmɪd/
a large building with a square or triangular base and sloping sides that meet in a point at the top.
The ancient Egyptians built stone pyramids as places to bury their kings and queens.
administrative assistant
noun
1- a person employed by an individual or in an office to assist with correspondence, keep records, make appointments, and carry out similar tasks.
معاون اداری
flight attendant
noun
/ˈflaɪt ətendənt/
a person whose job is to serve and take care of passengers on an aircraft
A front desk clerk
A receptionist
A veterinarian
noun
/ˌvetərɪˈneəriən/
1- a person who has been trained in the science of animal medicine, whose job is to treat animals who are sick or injured
2- Consult your veterinarian if your cat is still not eating.
Modifiers
very / really
We often use these words before adjectives.
A Ferrari is very / really fast.
Positive adjectives for appearance
Beautiful, good-looking, pretty, and attractive can all be used for women, but for men we only use good-looking or attractive and hand some
impact
the environmental impact of tourism
noun
/ˈɪmpækt/
1- the powerful effect that something has on somebody/something.
the environmental impact of tourism
تاثیر
region
noun
/ˈriːdʒən/
1- a large area of land, usually without exact limits or borders
shepherd
noun
/ˈʃepərd/
1- a person whose job is to take care of sheep
pull-up
noun
/ˈpʊl ʌp/
1- an exercise in which you hold onto a high bar above your head and pull yourself up towards it
accelerate
verb
/əkˈseləreɪt/
1- to happen faster or earlier; to make something happen faster or earlier
Inflation continues to accelerate.
accelerate something Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process.
aging
noun
/ˈeɪdʒɪŋ/
1- the process of growing old
barber
noun
/ˈbɑːrbər/
1- a person whose job is to cut men’s hair and sometimes to shave them
generation
noun
/ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/
1- all the people who were born at about the same time
2- the younger/older generation
My generation have grown up with the internet.
I often wonder what future generations will make of our efforts.
The hopes and dreams of youth today are different from those of previous generations.
generation of somebody Her books have delighted generations of children.
Adverbs of frequency
&
Expressions of frequency
1- Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb:
I always come to work on time.
2- Adverbs of frequency go after “be”:
They are never pleased to see me.
3- Expressions of frequency (every day, twice a week, once a month etc)
usually go at the end of a sentence:
I have English lessons every day.
principle
stick to your principles
noun
/ˈprɪnsəpl/
1- a moral rule or a strong belief that influences on your actions
stick to your principles به اصول خود پایبند باشید
اصول اخلاقی
Moral
adjective
/ˈmɔːrəl
[only before noun]
1- connected with principles of right and wrong behaviour
a moral issue/dilemma
traditional moral values
a decline in moral standards
moral and ethical questions
The basic moral philosophies of most world religions are remarkably similar.
He was a deeply religious man with a highly developed moral sense.
The newspapers were full of moral outrage at the weakness of other countries.
اخلاقی
influence
noun
/ˈɪnfluəns/
1- the effect that somebody/something has on the way a person thinks or behaves or on the way that something works or develops.
His early work shows the influence of Cézanne and Matisse.
influence on somebody/something He had considerable influence on younger sculptors.
نفوذ کردن
تحت تاثیر قرار دادن
—–
verb
to have an effect on the way that somebody behaves or thinks, especially by giving them an example to follow.
influence somebody/something.
His writings have influenced the lives of millions.
artificial
adjective
/ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/
1. made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally, especially as a copy of something natural.
“her skin glowed in the artificial light”
- (of a person or their behaviour) insincere or affected.
“she gave an artificial smile”
monument
noun
/ˈmɑːnjumənt/
monument (to somebody/something)
1- a building, column, statue, etc. built to remind people of a famous person or event
A monument to him was erected in St Paul’s Cathedral.
بنای یادبود
بنای یادبودی برای او در کلیسای جامع سنت پل ساخته شد.
spill
verb
/spɪl/
(especially of liquid)
1- to flow over the edge of a container by accident; to make liquid do this
Water had spilled out of the bucket onto the floor.
Writing and saying the date
Prepositions with years, months, and dates
Saying years
Writing and saying the date
1- We write (March 12th) We say (March twelfth or the twelfth of March)
2- (January twenty-second or the twenty-second of January) ( 1/22 )
Prepositions with years, months, and dates
1- Use in + years, e.g., The Rio Olympics are in 2016.
2- Use in + months, e.g., My birthday’s in February.
3- Use on + dates, e.g., The meeting is on Friday, September 5th.
Saying years
1- 1807 eighteen “oh” seven
2- 1936 nineteen thirty-six
3- 2008 two thousand and eight (for years 2000-2010)
4- 2011 two thousand and eleven OR twenty eleven
Other adjectives for temperature
Other adjectives for temperature
warm = a nice temperature, not very hot
(opposite = cool/kul/)
Right away
بلافاصله
at once
فورا
Take place
اتفاق افتادن
To happen
تخفیف گرفتن
آیا می توانید قیمت را کمتر کنید؟
70 دلار چطور؟
Can you go any lower on the price?
How about $70
راب قهوه را ریخت روی پیراهنش
Rob spilled coffee on his shirt
anthem
noun
/ˈænθəm/
1- a song that has a special importance for a country, an organization or a particular group of people, and is sung on special occasions
The European anthem was played at the opening and closing ceremonies.
The song could become an anthem for the classless society.
سرود
Vocation /vəʊˈkeɪʃn/
&
Vacation /veɪˈkeɪʃn/
حرفه & تعطیلات
Post code
Zip code
In British
In American
Mr
Mrs
Miss
Ms
Mister
Misses(married)
Miss(single)
Mizz(don’t know)
For pleasure
برای تفریح
host
noun
/həʊst/
1- a person who receives a visitor. میزبان
1- a person who invites guests to a meal, a party, etc. or who has people staying at their house
Ian, our host, introduced us to the other guests.
مجری
Actor
Actress
هنرپیشه مرد
هنرپیشه زن
stressed
adjective
/strest/
1- too anxious and tired to be able to relax
2- He was feeling very stressed and tired.
هنوز نرسیدیم؟
Are we there yet?
imperative
SYNONYM vital B2
adjective
/ɪmˈperətɪv/
1- very important and needing immediate attention or action
2- It is absolutely imperative that we finish by next week.
3- It is imperative to continue the treatment for at least two months.
امری ضروری
suggestion
noun
/səˈdʒestʃən/
1- an idea or a plan that you mention for somebody else to think about
2- Can I make a suggestion?
A theme Park
شهر بازی
A drive-through
جایی که با ماشین میشود رفت
Be against(something)
preposition
/əˈɡeɪnst/
1- opposing or disagreeing with somebody/something
2- the fight against terrorism
We’re playing against the league champions next week.
opposing
adjective
/əˈpəʊzɪŋ/
[only before noun]
(of teams, armies, forces, etc.) playing, fighting, working, etc. against each other
1- a player from the opposing side
It is time for opposing factions to unite and work towards a common goal.
This behaviour is based on a conflict between two opposing forces within the individual.
مخالف
Practical
عملی یا کاربردی
Get dressed
پوشیدن
I’m not against uniforms
من مخالف یونیفرم نیستم
Showing interest
Me too
Really?
How interesting!
What about you?
Ones
A: Which books are yours?
B: The ones on the table
I found these keys. Are they the ones you lost?
آنهایی که
Which do you prefer?
کدوم رو ترجیح میدی
Who’s your favorite actor?
بازیگر مورد علاقه ت کیه؟
What do you decide to do?
تصمیم گرفتی چه کاری انجام بدی؟
Regular
معمولی
Who’s that?
(possessive ‘s)
He’s my nephew - my sister’s son.
politician
noun
/ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃn/
1- a person whose job involves politics, especially as an elected member of parliament, etc.
سیاستمدار
royalty
noun
/ˈrɔɪəlti/
(plural royalties)
1- one or more members of a royal family
2- We were treated like royalty.
یک یا چند نفر از یک خانواده سلطنتی
با ما مثل سلطنتی رفتار شد
این مچ بند مال کیه؟
Whose is the wristband?
روز کی پر استرس تره؟
whose day is more stressful?
رستوران خودش
Own restaurant
برای چند ساعت
for a couple of hours
آزمون ورودی دانشگاه
college entrance exam
روند پیری را تسریع می کند
it accelerates the process of aging
تو عجله داری
you are in a hurry
being positive
مثبت بودن
این سه مکان چه مشترکاتی دارند؟
what do the three places have in common?
چون شما را به سر کار می برند
because they take you to work
از هر 200 نفر یک نفر
one out of every 200 people
من هیچ وقت استرس ندارم
I’m never stressed
من هرگز عجله ندارم
I am never in a hurry
approximately
adverb
/əˈprɑːksɪmətli/
1- used to show that something is almost, but not completely, accurate or correct
2- The journey took approximately seven hours.
تقریبا
audition
noun
/ɔːˈdɪʃn/
1- a short performance given by an actor, a singer, etc., so that somebody can decide whether they are suitable to act in a play, sing in a concert, etc.
Auditions will be held from 9–12 on Friday.
2- She had an audition for drama school.
آزمون هنرپیشگی
شنوایی
ورودی اصلی کجاست
Where’s the main entrance?
organizer
noun
/ˈɔːrɡənaɪzər/
(British English also organiser)
1- a person who makes the arrangements for something
2- the organizers of the festival
تنظیم کننده
من می توانم به جلسه بیایم
I can come to the meeting
survey
noun
/ˈsɜːrveɪ/
1- an investigation of the opinions, behaviour, etc. of a particular group of people, which is usually done by asking them questions
2- A recent survey showed 75 per cent of those questioned were in favour of the plan.
نظرسنجی
حدس بزنید کدام دو خواننده امروز برنده هستند
guess which one of the two singers is the winner today?
recording contract
قرارداد ضبط
audience
The movie was boring.
The audience was bored.
noun
A2
/ˈɔːdiəns/
[countable + singular or plural verb]
the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to something (a play, concert, somebody speaking, etc.)
The audience was/were clapping for 10 minutes.
The museum is trying to attract a wider audience.
The debate was televised in front of a live audience.
an audience of 10 000
Audience members voted on their favorite presentations.
We encourage audience participation during our show.
حضار، مستمعین
اجازه حضور، بار، ملاقات رسمی، شنودگان
سگ هایشان پارس می کنند
their dogs bark
What are they doing?
They’re having a party.
آنها با صدای بلند صحبت می کنند یا زیاد بحث می کنند
they talk loudly or argue a lot
به هیچ وجه
Not at all
And
No way
زن و شوهر
Couple 👬
کی داره فریاد میزنه؟
Who’s shouting?
شَودینگ
آیا آنها دارند جروبحث میکنند
Are they arguing?
آرگیوینگ
پیرو سخت ایمان
a strict follower of the faith
که باید دقیقا رعایت شود
Strict
that must be obeyed exactly
نیمه ابری
Partly cloudy
اغلب در زمستان برف می بارد
it often snows in the winter
walking paths
مسیرهای پیاده روی
a way or track that is built or is made by the action of people walking
Become
verb
/bɪˈkʌm/
1- linking verb to start to be something
اینجا واقعا شلوغه
it’s really crowded up here
وقتی ما در حال گشت و گذار هستیم همیشه باران می بارد
it always rains when we’re sightseeing
ببینید چه کسی در لینکدین استخدام می کند
see who’s hiring on LinkedIn
/ˈhʌɪə/
Apologizing
I’m sorry
I’m so sorry
I’m really sorry
That’s ok
Don’t worry
No problem
آیا او آن را پُرُو می کند
does he try it on
احمق نباش!
don’t be silly!
No way
under no circumstances; not at all.
“You think she’s alone? No way”
به هیچ وجه
تحت هیچ شرایطی
under no circumstances
Store
Shop
Nine-thirty
Half past nine
American
British
American
British
اتفاق افتادن
take place
to happen
extract
verb
/ɛkˈstrakt/
1.
remove or take out, especially by effort or force.
“the fossils are extracted from the chalk”
استخراج
فورا یا بلافاصله
Right away
immediately
What happens
Or
What happen
The reason “what happen” is incorrect is that the subject is 3rd person singular which requires an “s” on the verb. Correct presens form would be “what happens”
بردارید و زمین بگذارید
pick up and put down
Ordinal numbers
cardinal numbers
1st – First, 2nd-Second, 3rd-Third, 4th-Fourth, 5th-Fifth, 6th-Sixth, and so on
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc
also New Year resolution
a promise that you make to yourself to start doing something good or stop doing something bad on the first day of the year
most depressing day of the year
Blue Monday is the name given to a day in January (typically the third Monday of the month) said by a UK travel company, Sky Travel, to be the most depressing day of the year.
مردم نیز اغلب پس از تعطیلات کمبود پول دارند
people are also often short of money after the holidays
(You are short of money)
the happiest day of the year
The happiest day of the year is considered to be June 20th.
asleep vs sleep
“Sleep” can be used as a noun and as a verb. “Asleep” is an adjective, so that means these words take different positions in sentences.
For example:
He’s sleeping.
She fell asleep.
He was asleep when his friends came by to visit.
سبز کمرنگ
Pale green
asparagus
noun
/əˈspærəɡəs/
1- a plant whose young green or white stems are cooked and eaten as a vegetable
مارچوبه
leaf
Leaves
noun
/liːf/
(plural leaves /liːvz/ /liːvz/)
1- a flat green part of a plant, growing from a stem or branch or from the root
برگ و برگها
firework
noun
/ˈfaɪərwɜːrk/
1- a small device containing powder that burns or explodes and produces bright coloured lights and loud noises, used especially at celebrations
ترقه بازی
😊😊
😊
😐
🙁
🙁🙁
I love
I like
I don’t mind
I don’t like
I hate
You dressed to kill
If someone is dressed to kill, they are wearing very smart or fashionable clothes because they want people to notice them and think they are attractive.
you look smart
If you look smart or your clothes are smart, you look clean and tidy: I need to look smart for my interview
جارو برقی
Vacuum cleaner
EITHER AND NEITHER
EITHER AND NEITHER IN NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Either and neither are used in negative sentences to mean “too.”
(1) I can’t come to the party.
I can’t either.
Neither can I.
Although either and neither are both used as a “negative too”, they follow different rules:
Either is combined with a negative verb and comes last in the sentence.
(2) Mary did not pass the exam. John did not either.
Neither is combined with a positive verb and comes first in the sentence and is followed by the verb. The subject comes third.
(3) Mary did not pass the exam. Neither did John.
It is wrong to combine neither with a negative verb.
(4) John did not neither. [incorrect!]
(5) Neither did not John. [incorrect!]
It is wrong to use too or as well in a negative sentence.
(6) John did not too. [incorrect!]
(7) John did not as well. [incorrect!]
particular
adjective
/pərˈtɪkjələr/
[only before noun]
1- used to emphasize that you are referring to one individual person, thing or type of thing and not others
SYNONYM specific
خاص
emphasize
verb
/ˈemfəsaɪz/
to give special importance to something
SYNONYM stress
اهمیت دادن
تاکید کردن
philharmonic
adjective
/ˌfɪlərˈmɑːnɪk/
used in the names of orchestras, music societies, etc.
the Berlin Philharmonic (Orchestra)
عاشق موسیقی
Conductor
رهبر ارکستر، رسانا، راهنما
Do you like……………….?
Do you like to do housework?
Or
Do you like doing housework?
I don’t mind…………….early.
Getting up
بدم نمیاد زود بیدار بشم
………… hungry?
Are you
What song………. Listening to?
are you
Blow
Blower دمنده
باد وزیدن، دمیدن
جوشیدن، دمیدن هوا، وزش، نواختن، وزیدن
I should go
After should we don’t use to
Greet
verb
/ɡriːt/
to say hello to somebody or to welcome them
سلام و احوالپرسی کردن، خوشامد گفتن
سلام، برخورد، تلاقی، درود گفتن، تبریک گفتن
entertain
entertaining
entertainment
سرگرم کردن
سرگرم کننده
سرگرمی
جای تعجب ندارد که
It’s no surprise that
A trilogy
نمایش سه گانه
order the words(often , don’t, listen, my parents)
My parents don’t often listen to the radio
Don’t, do, we, our, always, homework
we don’t always do our homework
Second
Seconds
The plural form of second; more than one (kind of) second. The clock shows the seconds. (plural only) A second serving of food for one person.
1- I’m so hungry that I’m going back for seconds.
quit /kwɪt/
quite /kwʌɪt/
quiet /ˈkwʌɪət/
I quit my job because it was quite stressful now my life is quiet.
jogging
noun
/ˈdʒɑːɡɪŋ/
1- the activity of running slowly and steadily as a form of exercise
to go jogging
2- He decided to take up jogging.
3- I need some new jogging shoes.
نرم دویدن
زن دارد با تلفن همراهش صحبت می کند
the woman’s talking on her cell phone
accuracy
noun
/ˈækjərəsi/
1- the state of being exact or correct; the ability to do something with skill and without making mistakes
دقت
admission
entrance
noun
/ədˈmɪʃn/
1- the act of accepting somebody into an institution, organization, etc.; the right to enter a place or to join an institution or organization
ورودی
composer
noun
/kəmˈpəʊzər/
1- a person who writes music, especially classical music
2- Verdi was a prolific composer of operas.
(Writer)
sailor
Sail
noun
/ˈseɪlər/
1- a person who works on a ship as a member of the crew
ملوان
——-
Sail verb
A2
/seɪl/
Verb Forms
Idioms Phrasal Verbs
[intransitive, transitive] (of a boat or ship or the people on it)
to travel on water using sails or an engine.
سفر دریایی
invent
اختراع کردن
ساختن، جعل کردن
incandescent light bulb
لامپ رشته ای
wives
noun
/waɪvz/
PLURAL OF wife
profession
noun
/prəˈfeʃn/
1- a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education
حرفه شغل
—-
professional adjective
professionally adverb
pupil
noun
/ˈpjuːpl/
1- a person who is being taught, especially a child in a school
پیپُل
فردی که تحت آموزش قرار می گیرد، به ویژه کودکی که در مدرسه است
Novel
Novelist
رمان
رمان نویس
probably
adverb
/ˈprɑːbəbli/
1- used to say that something is likely to happen or to be true
2- You’re probably right.
شاید
To book
To reserve
1- When was the last time you booked a flight online?
Miss a class
You couldn’t go or attend
When was the last time you called a friend?
I called my friend yesterday
attend
verb
/əˈtend/
1- to be present at an event
شرکت کردن
souvenir
noun
/ˈsuːvənɪr/
1- a thing that you buy and/or keep to remind yourself of a place, an occasion or a holiday; something that you bring back for other people when you have been on holiday
2- I bought the ring as a souvenir of Greece.
سوغاتی
cheer up
phrasal verbcheer up | cheer somebody/something up
to become more cheerful; to make somebody/something more cheerful
Oh, come on—cheer up!
چیرآپ
روحیه دادن وشاد کردن کسی
“I asked her out to lunch to cheer her up”
Here we go
Let’s start
Different between
Can you please
Could you please
“Could you” more polite
can you tell me the way to the… Please?
Yes, of course. Go straight on. Go Past the church.
Then turn left at the traffic lights. And it’s at the end of the street.
At the end of giving directions, we usually should say…
You can’t miss it!
نگران نباش پیداش میکنی
Why=•••
Very tired=•••
How come
Worn out
شما لطف دارید
That’s really nice of you.
go straight ahead = American English
across from =American English
go straight on = British English
opposite = British English
Murder
قتل
Say the past form:
Read
Say
Hearهی یر
Read رِد
Said سِد
Heard هِرد
تمام پول من به کلودیا می رسد
all my money goes to Claudia
کارآگاه
Detective
انگیزه احتمالی
possible motive
Go
Have
Get
Go:
by bus | by car | by plane
for a walk
home (from school)
out (on Friday night)
shopping
to a restaurant
to bed (late)
to church /to mosque /to temple
to the beach
back (to work)
on vacation
_____________________
Have:
a car /a bike
long hair(hair not countable so we should say she has long hair)
breakfast /lunch / dinner
a drink
a good time
a sandwich
a sister /a brother
___________________________
Get:
a newspaper (= buy)
a taxi / a bus / a train (= take)
an email / a letter (= receive)
dressed
home (= arrive)
to the airport (= arrive)
up (early)
Temple
زیارتگاه
Ceiling
سیلِنگ
سقف
Armchair
صندلی راحتی
cupboard
noun
/ˈkʌbərd/
کابینت
Fireplace
شومینه
A light
آباژور
Rug
غالیچه
Shelf or shelves
قفسه
Stove
اجاق گاز
Let’s go…upstairs or downstairs
Don’t use any prepositions
Let’s go upstairs or downstairs
Square
اِسکویر
میدان
House swap
معاوضه خونه
Consequence
Or
Result
نتیجه
Hotel lounge
لابی هتل
لَونج
Haunted
روح زده یا دارای روح
Haunted hotel
ذهنم را مشغول میکند
ذهنم را مشغول کرده
It makes my mind busy
It made my mind busy
Guest
مهمان
Suite
سوییت
وقتی که روم رو برگردوندم
When I turned around
Ghost
روح
kind regards
با احترام
a common sign-off in emails
سعادتBest regards and Felicity
recruit
رِکروت
استخدام کردن
please be advised
لطفا توجه داشته باشید
relevant evidences
شواهد و مدارک مربوطه
معیارهای شغلی
job criteria
لطفا تجربه خود را بیان کنید
please outline your experience
aboriginal
بومی
Providing false or misleading information
ارائه اطلاعات نادرست یا گمراه کننده
Withdraw
Opposite = deposit
از حساب پول برداشت کردن
پس گرفتن، باز گرفتن، صرف نظرکردن
suppose
Getting a visa isn’t as simple as you might suppose.
verb
/səˈpəʊz/
1- to think or believe that something is true or possible (based on the knowledge that you have)
2- Getting a visa isn’t as simple as you might suppose.
فرض کردن
Humidity
رطوبت
Surrounded
Tall trees surround the lake.
surround verb
احاطه کردن
/səˈraʊnd/
Verb Forms
to be all around something/somebody
surround something/somebody.
Tall trees surround the lake.
the membranes surrounding the brain.
احاطه شده
Lavender
اسطو خودوس عادی، بنفش کمرنگ
حالم را بهتر میکند
it makes me feel better
دوستان شما چه رنگ هایی را بیشتر دوست دارند
what colors do your friends like the most ?
I think they like black the most because black is the most common color for everyone.
طرز فکر یا نگرش خوب
good attitude
کنار آمدن با چه نوع افرادی آسان است؟
what kinds of people are easy to get along with?
I hate to admit it
از اعتراف متنفرم
مرا سرزنش نکن
don’t you blame on me
یکی از خبرنگاران خود را فرستاد
sent one of its journalists
فیلم ترسناک
horror movie
He went to sleep
He went to bed
خوابش برد
رفت که بخوابه
I can’t go to sleep
I didn’t sleep a wink
خوابم نمیبره
یک لحظه هم خوابم نبرد
Wink
چشمک
TV went off
The lights went off
تلویزیون خاموش شد
چراغ ها خاموش شدند
definitely
قطعا
Musician
میوزِشِن
….. a sandwich
Have
Get
What time did you get … The restaurant?
To
I was born… 1988.
In
Austria
اتریش
Patient
Patients
پِی شِنتس
بیمار؛ صبور
بیماران
Miraculously
Miraculously survived
mə’rækjələslı
Adverb
بطور حیرت انگیز، معجزه آسا
به طور معجزه آسایی زنده ماند
Be in love (with someone)
عاشق کسی شدن
Affirmative
Negative
مثبت
منفی
secretary
دبیر، منشی
embarrassed
embarrassed adjective
/ɪmˈbærəst/
(of a person or their behaviour)
1- shy, uncomfortable or ashamed, especially in a social situation
2- I’ve never felt so embarrassed in my life!
خجالت زده
Take a swim
To go swimming
عجب منظره ای
what a view
دوست دارید از چه چیزی بازدید کنید؟
What would you like to visit?
چه چیزی برای دیدن وجود دارد؟
what is there to see?
می توانستیم به گالری هنری برویم.
we could go to the art gallery.
آیا می خواهید برای ناهار ملاقات کنید؟
would you like to meet for lunch?
شاید وقتی دیگر
maybe another time
دور زدن
getting around
Frequent
مکرر
Convenient
کِنوینیِنت
در دسترس و راحت
Independent
And
Flexible
مستقل
و
منعطف
Scenic
adj
having beautiful natural scenery.
سینِک
خوش منظره
light rail train
قطار ریلی سبک
fare
noun
/fer/
1- the money that you pay to travel by bus, plane, taxi, etc.
bus/taxi fares
train/rail fares
Children travel (at) half fare.
(فِر)کرایه ای که به تاکسی یا اتوبوس و … میدهید
Coach class seat
the cheapest type of seats on a plane or train
marry
And
merry (Christmas)
ازدواج کن
و
شاد
Many
Much
A lot of
تعداد زیاد و قابل شمارش
مقدار زیاد و غیرقابل شمارش
هردوی بالا
Countable and uncountable nouns
Example
books , tables
two glasses of water
two kilos of rice
three pieces of bread
Example of uncountable nouns
abstract ideas: مفاهیم انتزاعی یعنی وجود خارجی ندارند
health, advice, help, luck, fun
sports and activities:
tennis, swimming, golf, basketball
illnesses:
cancer, AIDS, diabetes, dengue
natural events:
rain, snow, wind, light, darkness
academic subjects:
English, Chemistry, Art, Mathematics
foods:
rice, milk, sugar, fat
فعل اسامی غیر قابل شمارش
🔸توجه: فعل اسامی غیر قابل شمارشی، بصورت مفرد در جملات بکار می رود. مثال:
Fat isn’t good for you.
چربی برای شما خوب نیست
Mathematics is my favorite subject.
ریاضیات موضوع مورد علاقه من است
🔸توجه: ماقبل اسامی غیر قابل شمارش از a, an استفاده نمی شود. ولی می توان از the هنگامی که به اشیای خاصی اشاره می شود استفاده نمود. مانند: the water
Quantifier
کمیت سنج
♦️کاربرد Quantifier ها :
quantifiers
(لغاتی که بیانگر کمیت و تعداد میباشند) به کلماتی اطلاق می شود که قبل از اسم (شمارشی یا غیر شمارشی) آمده و کمیت آنرا مشخص می کند. پرکاربردترین quantifier ها عبارتند از:
all(100%)
most(90%)
a lot of(80%) lots of(80%)
many(80%) much(80%)
some(70%) any(70%)
a few(30%) a little(30%)
few(10%) little(10%)
none(0%)
🔸توجه: some به معنی چندتایی و مقداری ماقبل اسامی قابل شمارش و غیر قابل شمارش در جملات مثبت بکار می رود. مثال:
I have some oranges.
I have some water.
🔸توجه: از آنجاییکه some تنها در جملات مثبت بکار می رود، بجای آن در جملات منفی و سوالی از any استفاده می شود. مثال:
I don’t have any apples.
Do you have any bread?
🔸توجه: many, a few, few فقط برای اسامی شمارشی و کلمات
much , a little, little
فقط برای اسامی غیر قابل شمارشی بکار می روند.
Much, many, a lot of
♦️کاربرد much, many, a lot of :
🔸much
به معنی مقدار زیاد ماقبل اسامی غیر قابل شمارش و در جملات منفی و سوالی بکار می رود. مثال:
How much water is there?
There isn’t much water.
🔸many
به معنی تعداد زیاد ماقبل اسامی قابل شمارش جمع و در جملات منفی و سوالی بکار می رود. مثال:
How many oranges are there?
There aren’t many eggs.
🔸a lot of
به معنی تعداد و مقدار زیاد بجای much و many ماقبل اسامی قابل شمارش و غیر قابل شمارش و در جملات مثبت بکار می رود. مثال:
There are a lot of oranges.
There is a lot of water.
چند مثال از اسامی غیر قابل شمارش در داخل جمله:
Good information is necessary for making good decisions.
برای گرفتن تصمیمات خوب اطلاعات خوب لازم است.
There is a little water in the kettle.
آب کمی در داخل کتری وجود دارد.
Do you have any money with you?
آیا هیچ پولی همراهت داری؟
اسامی غیر قابل شمارش کدام هستند؟
مهمترین و بیشترین اسامی غیر قابل شمارش در زبان انگلیسی مربوط به گروه های زیر است:
اسامی مایعات:
water – آب
milk – شیر
tea – چای
coffee – قهوه
oil – روغن
اسامی انتزاعی:
love – عشق
beauty – زیبایی
knowledge – دانش
information – اطلاعات
pain – درد
advice – نصیحت
sadness – ناراحتی
motivation – انگیزه
اسامی پودر ها و غلات:
rice – برنج
wheat – گندم
sand – ماسه
soil – خاک
flour – آرد
salt – نمک
sugar – شکر
اسامی پدیده های طبیعی:
sunshine – نور خورشید
snow – برف
rain – باران
weather – آب و هوا
اسامی مربوط به احساسات:
anger – عصبانیت
enthusiasm – شور و شوق
courage – شهامت
happiness – خوشحالی
اسامی گازها:
gas – گاز
air – هوا
oxygen – اکسیژن
carbon-dioxide – کربن دی اکسید
Straw
نی
mashed potato
mash noun
/mæʃ/
(also mashed potato [uncountable] (both especially British English), mashed potatoes [plural] British and North American English) potatoes that have been boiled and made into a soft mass, often mixed with butter and milk
پوره سیب زمینی
wheat
noun
/wiːt/
[uncountable]
Idioms
1- plant grown for its grain that is used to produce the flour for bread, cakes, pasta, etc.; the grain of this plant
گندم
bowl
noun
/bəʊl/
container
[countable]
(especially in compounds)
a deep round dish with a wide open top, used especially for holding food or liquid
a salad/fruit/sugar bowl
a washing-up bowl
I refilled the dog’s water bowl.
Sieve the flour into a bowl.
کاسه
pea
noun
/piː/
1- small round green seed, eaten as a vegetable. Several peas grow together inside a long thin pod on a climbing plant also called a pea.
2-frozen peas
3-pea soup
نخود
Lettuce
لِتِس
کاهو
Mushroom
قارچ
Candy
آبنبات
EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY
How often do you see your friends?
1-every day
2-every week
3-every month
4-every year
5-once a week
6-twice a week
7-three times a week
8-four times a year
من به آپارتمان برای اجاره علاقه مند هستم
I’m Interested in the apartment for rent
advertisement
آگهی تبلیغاتی
how horrible
چه وحشتناک
turtle
لاکپشت
مثل من
same as me
priest
noun
/priːst/
a person who is qualified to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox Churches
کشیش ، روحانی
Brave
شجاع
Frightened
/ˈfraɪtnd/
وحشت زده ، ترسیده
Strange
عجیب و غریب
in the middle of the night
در نیمه های شب
ingredients
Mix all the ingredients in a bowl.
/ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/
B2
one of the things from which something is made, especially one of the foods that are used together to make a particular dish.
عناصر
before the expected or usual time
قبل از زمان مورد انتظار یا معمول
Picture on the wall
عکس روی دیوار
او دکتر شد
he became a doctor
من به روح اعتقاد دارم
I believe in ghost
Were there any pictures on the wall?
What of?
Yes, there was one.
It was of a woman.
Your home
Do you live in a house or an apartment? How old is it?
How big is it?
How many:
bedrooms are there?
bathrooms?
Is there:
a study?
a yard or a balcony?
a garage?
heat or central air conditioning?
Do you like it? Why (not)?
mustache
مِستَش یا ماستَش
سبیل
رفتم تو پارک قدم بزنم
I went for a walk in the park
برادرت خواب بود؟
was your brother asleep ?
نیم ساعت در رختخواب مطالعه کردم و بعد خوابم برد
I read(رِد)in bed for half an hour and then I went to sleep
یک فنجان چای برای برادرم بردم و او را در رختخواب دیدم که مرده است
I took my brother a cup of tea and I found him in bed…dead
Die
Died
Death
Dead
Dead: Elvis Presley is dead / I saw a dead mouse.
Death: I’m afraid of death / He likes talking about life and death.
Die,died: I don’t want to die / My dog died / We will die.
innocent
اینِسِنت
بی گناه
Diary
noun
/ˈdaɪəri/
دایه ری
a book in which you can write down the experiences you have each day, your private thoughts, etc.
دفتر یادداشت روزانه
Contest
Contestant
مسابقه
کانتست
شرکت کننده
Contestant
noun
/kənˈtestənt/
1- a person who takes part in a contest or competition
شرکت کننده
an appetizer
a main course
a dessert
پیش غذا (اپتایزر)
Jar
ظروف شیشه ای
spoonful
/ˈspuːnfʊl/
به اندازه یک قاشق پر …
teaspoon
/ˈtiːspuːn/
قاشق چای خوری
How much
How many
1-How many spoonfuls of sugar do you have in your tea or coffee?
2-How many cans of soda do you drink a day?
3-How much fruit or fruit juice do you have a day?
4-How much cookies do you eat a week?
5-How often do you add salt to your food at the table?
6-How many take-out food do you eat?
7-How much bread do you eat a day?
8-How much cheese do you eat a week?
Sugar
Salt
1-How much sugar is there in dark chocolate?
I’m not sure.
I think there’s a lot.
2-There isn’t any salt in water.
3-There’s a little sugar in darkchocolate.
4-There’s not much salt in potato.
5-There’s a lot of sugar in a can of soda.
fascinating
adjective
/ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/
extremely interesting and attractive
فوق العاده جالب و جذاب
many more
خیلی بیشتر
voyage
noun
/ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/
a long journey, especially by sea or in space
سفر طولانی
ritual
noun
/ˈrɪtʃuəl/
C1
1-a series of actions that are always performed in the same way, especially as part of a religious ceremony
مراسم مذهبی
مناسک
تشریفات مذهبی، آیین پرستش، تشریفات
suicide
noun
/ˈsuːɪsaɪd/
1-the act of killing yourself deliberately.
2-to commit suicide.
خودکشی
تعمدا
deliberately
ancient (adj)
Isfahan is the ancient city of Iran.
adjective
/ˈeɪnʃənt/
belonging to a period of history that is thousands of years in the past
باستانی
Detergent
پاک کننده
Last longer
if you put sugar into a vase of flowers,The flowers last longer
ماندگاری و عمر بیشتر
اگر در یک گلدان گل شکر بریزید، گلها ماندگاری بیشتری دارند
How much salt do we need to have a day?
We need to have a little salt in our diet, but not more than 4 grams a day, which is about one teaspoon.
approximate
تقریبی
approximate population
جمعیت تقریبی
Radio quiz show
What is the approximate population of Vietnam?
How many calories are there in a Big Mac?
How far is it from New York City to
Los Angeles?
Week
the weekend (= Saturday and Sunday)
a weekday (= Monday-Friday)
What day is it today? It’s Friday.
Have a good weekend. You too.
See you on Monday.
Is the US bigger than Mexico?
Yes, it’s five times bigger.
Responding to what somebody says
1-It’s my birthday today.
Happy birthday!
2-We won the game!
Congratulations! Or congrats
3-I have my driving test tomorrow.
Good luck!
4-I got all my English homework right. Good job!
5-I didn’t get the job.
Better luck next time or maby next time or maybe some other time.
6-I got two goals this afternoon.
Goodjob!
ببخشید گوشیم زنگ خورد
Sorry my phone rang
بدون گاز یا گازدار
Still or sparkling
Are you ready to order?
Yes. The soup and the mushroom please.
I’d like the mozzarella salad and then the chicken, please.
Social English phrases
Nothing special.
Would you like a dessert?
Not for me, thanks.
A decaf espresso.
The same for me, please.
Go ahead.
Good news?
Could I have the bill, please?
American and British English
check = American
bill = British
قصر
قلعه
palace
&
Castle
صفات تفضیلی و صفات برتر
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
♦️صفات تفضیلی
وقتی در جمله میخواهیم دو یا چند چیز را با هم مقایسه کنیم به صفت er- یا more اضافه میکنیم. زمانی که صفت یک هجا داشته باشد به انتهای آن er- و اگر دو یا چند هجا داشته باشد، قبل از آن more میآوریم. به نمونه های زیر توجه کنید:
We need a bigger garden.
ما باغچه بزرگی نیاز داریم.
big
یک هجا دارد، بنابراین به انتهای آن پسوند er- اضافه میکنیم.
I’m taller now.
من الان بلندقدتر هستم.
tall
یک هجا دارد، بنابراین به انتهای آن پسوند er- اضافه میکنیم.
♦️توجه کنید صفاتی که انتهای آن به y ختم شود بدون توجه به چند هجایی بودن آن همیشه y به ier تبدیل میشود.
I’m happier now.
من الان خوشحال تر هستم.
🔸وقتی در جمله مشخصا بخواهیم دو چیز را با هم مقایسه کنیم، بعد از صفت تفضیلی واژه than را میآوریم که در فارسی معنای “از” یا “به نسبت” میدهد.
She is two years older than me.
او دو سال از من بزرگتر است.
France is a bigger country than Britain.
فرانسه نسبت به انگلستان کشور بزرگتری است.
🔸وقتی میخواهیم تغییر کردن چیزی را (مثلا بزرگ و بزرگتر شدن) نشان دهیم بین دو صفت تفضیلی واژه and را میآوریم.
Everything is getting more and more expensive.
همه چیز دارد گران و گرانتر می شود.
The balloon got bigger and
bigger.
بادکنک بزرگ و بزرگتر شد.
🔸ما اغلب برای نشان دادن اینکه چیزی به چیز دیگر وابسته است از صفت تفضیلی استفاده میکنیم.
When you drive faster it is more dangerous.
>The faster you drive, the more
dangerous it is.
وقتی سریعتر رانندگی میکنید، خطرناکتر است. (هرچه سریعتر رانندگی کنید، خطرناکتر است.)
♦️صفات عالی
وقتی بخواهیم بگوییم یک شخص، مکان یا شی بالاتر، بهتر، قوی تر و … از اعضای یک گروه است از صفت عالی استفاده میکنیم. برای ساختن این صفت به آن پسوند est- یا most اضافه میکنیم. زمانی که صفت یک هجا داشته باشد به انتهای آن est- و اگر دو یا چند هجا داشته باشد قبل از آن most میآوریم. این نکته را هم در نظر داشته باشید که قبل از صفت عالی حتما باید حرف تعریف the بیاوریم.
It was the saddest day of my life.
آن روز ناراحتکنندهترین روز زندگی من بود.
sad
یک هجا دارد، بنابراین به آن پسوند est- اضافه کردیم و در ابتدای آن حرف تعریف the قرار دادیم.
Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
اورست مرتفع ترین کوه جهان است.
high
یک هجا دارد، بنابراین به آن پسوند est- اضافه کردیم و در ابتدای آن حرف تعریف the قرار دادیم.
توجه کنید
♦️توجه کنید صفاتی که انتهای آن به y ختم شود بدون توجه به چند هجایی بودن آن همیشه y به iest- تبدیل میشود.
It was the happiest day of my life.
آن روز خوشترین روز زندگی من بود.
بیقاعده ها:
عالی - تفضیلی - صفت
good - better - best
bad - worse - the worst
little - less - the least
much - more - the most
many - more - the most
far - farther/further - the farthest/furthest
Comparative and superlative irregular adjectives
بیقاعده ها:
عالی - تفضیلی - صفت
good - better - best
bad - worse - the worst
little - less - the least
much - more - the most
many - more - the most
far - farther/further - the farthest/furthest
من او را بیشتر در استخر شکست میدهم تا او من را.
I beat him more often at pool than he beats me.
Advice n & Advise v
The main difference between advice vs advise is that “advise” (with an S) is a verb, which means to recommend, or to give information to someone. On the other hand, “advice” (with a C) is a noun: an opinion or recommendation offered as a guide to action.
نصیحت کردن & توصیه کردن
واجد شرایط
eligible
منظره
sight
داروخانه
American: pharmacy
British: drag store
مقاله
1- to read/write/publish an article
article
چرا نامیده می شود…؟
why is it called….?
عرض جاده چقدر است؟
how wide is the road?
تقریبا
nearly, approximate, almost
چند روز
چند هفته
تعداد کمی
تعداد کمتر
few days
few weeks
few
fewer
باریک ، محدود، تنگ
narrow
دروغ گفتن؛ دراز کشیدن
Lie
رسما اعلام کرد
officially declared
از زمانی که جاده جدیدی باز شد
since a new road opened
مربی گری
تخت، نیمکت
Coach کُوچ
Couch کَوچ
Be going to (plans)
What are you going to do?
I’m going to travel around the US.
couch
/kautf/
noun
1- a long comfortable seat for two or more people to sit on (= a sofa)
2- the bed in a doctor’s room for a patient to lie on
Be going to (plans )
I’m going to travel around the US - to al
50 states.
How long are you going to stay in each state?
I’m not sure, but I think maybe three nights in each state maybe more in big states like California and Texas.
Who are you going to stay with?
I’m going to stay with all kinds of people. I want to make new friends across the US!
Are you going to sleep on a couch?
Yes, I’m going to sleep on a lot of couches!
How are you going to travel?
I’m going to travel mostly by bus.
What are you going to do in each state?
I don’t just want to see the typical tourist
sights. I hope I’m going to do things that
aren’t in a guide book.
Host Well, have a good trip and good luck!
Future time expressions
Today
Tonight
Tomorrow morning
Tomorrow afternoon
Tomorrow night
Next week
Next month
Next year
Take a tour of
to take a tour of (the building): to look around, to explore, to go round, to inspect, to walk around (the building)
Least
The US is my least favorite state because there isn’t much to do.
In case
I always had a hotel address in case things didn’t work out.
محض احتیاط
برنامه ریزی یا طرح ریزی چیزی با جزئیات
plan or devise something in detail.
گم شدم
I got lost
whenever and wherever and with whoever, that happens I try to stay calm.
هر زمان و هر کجا و با هر کسی که این اتفاق بیفتد، سعی می کنم آرام بمانم.
تو خیلی فهمیده ای
you are very understanding
این ماجراجویی واقعی است
that’s the real adventure.
Stay, show, see, go, have
Stay in a hotel / with a friend | for a week
Show somebody around your town /city
see the sights
go by train (bus, plane) / back home
have a good time / nice meals
Making suggestions
Let’s (go to…)
Why don’t we (go to…)?
I prefer to (go to…)
That’s a good idea.
You are going to visit three cities on the same continent. قاره
What cities are you going to visit?
Where are you going to stay?
How are you going to get there?
How long are you going to stay in each city?
What are you going to do in each place?
fortune teller
noun
/ˈfɔːrtʃən telər/
a person who claims to have magic powers and who tells people what will happen to them in the future
پیشگو ، فالگیر
Verb phrase
Become famous
Get a new job
Get married
Meet somebody new
Fall in love
Get a lot of money
Have a surprise
Be lucky
Move to a new house
Be going to (predictions)
پیش بینی ها
What’s going to happen?
Am I going to fall in love?
Yes, and you are going to be very happy.
Comparative adjective + than
1- My sister is younger than me. She’s only 18. (young)
2- The farmer’s market is cheaper than the supermarket for vegetables. (cheap)
3- Italian is easier for Spanish students
than it is for English students. (easy)
4- It rains a lot in the spring. April is wetter than July. (wet)
5- This restaurant is busier than when it first opened. (busy)
6- Come in the summer. The weather is better than in the spring. (good)
7- I love science. I find it more interesting than history. (interesting)
8- Cuzco is farther from the ocean than
Lima. (far)
9- I’m Shorter than my brother. He’s very tall. (short)
10- The situation is worse than it was last year. (bad)
11- Skiing is more difficult than I thought it was. (difficult)
شیر و لبنیات
milk and dairy
/ˈdeəri/
ماست
yogurt
/joʊɡərt/
ساکنان شهر تصمیم گرفتند که یک کلیسای جدید می خواهند.
The inhabitants of the city decided that they wanted a new church.
unaccustomed غیر عادی
ورود به مدرسه رایگان است
admission to the school is free
چه کسی برای اقامت بسیار کم هزینه کرد؟
who spent very little on accommodation ?
unaccustomed غیر عادی
سفر رایگان با کشتی و همچنین قطار دریافت می کنید.
you get free travel on ferry as well as train.
تخفیف گرفتن
جاذبه های توریستی
get discount on
tourist attractions
Things don’t work out
The new job doesn’t work out, so I am looking for another one.
بگذار تمرکز کنم
let me concentrate
کارت پنجم همچنان رو به پایین روی میز بود. او آن را برگرداند.
the fifth card was still on the table, face down. she turned it over.
Prediction
&
Future plan
1- She’s going to be very lucky.
2- She’s going to go on vacation next week.
be going to (plans)
&
be going to (predictions)
I’m going to take a vacation next month.
I’m not going to study English.
Are you going to take a vacation, too?
&
I think it’s going to rain.
You’re going to be very happy.
I’m sure they’re going to win.
آمریکا با چاقی مشکل دارد.
the US has a problem with obesity.
یک نظرسنجی نشان می دهد که بیش از 30 درصد کالری
A survey show that more than 30 percent of calories
یک فنجان چای می نوشید و مقدار کمی را در ته فنجان می گذارید.
you drink a cup of tea and leave a small amount in the bottom of the cup.
Button دکمه
سپس چای را سه بار دور فنجان می چرخانید و روی آن را با نعلبکی می پوشانید و آن را وارونه می کنید.
Then you move the tea around the cup three times, cover it with a saucer(ˈsɔːsər), and turn it upside down.
در ابتدا، توپ کسل کننده و ابری به نظر می رسد، اما سپس پاک می شود و تصاویر شروع به ظاهر شدن می کنند.
At first, the ball looks dull (dʌl)B2 and cloudy, but then it clears and images start to appear.
کارت ها بیانگر گذشته، حال و آینده هستند.
The cards represent the past, the present, and the future.
کف دست؛ درخت نخل
Palm
قلب
Heart
اولین برداشت ها به حساب می آیند
تاثیری که در اولین ملاقات با کسی می گذارید مهم است
first impressions count
the impression you make when you first meet someone is important
آنها بسیار شیک، اما معمولی لباس می پوشند.
They dress very fashionably(adv), but casually(adv)
آنها به طرز باورنکردنی آهسته صحبت می کنند.
فکر می کنم مردم خیلی ناسالم غذا می خورند.
مردم همه همسایگان خود را به خوبی می شناسند.
من فکر می کنم مردم واقعا خطرناک رانندگی می کنند.
اتوبوس ها و قطارها به خوبی حرکت می کنند.
داخل خانه ها به زیبایی تزئین شده اند.
they speak incredibly slowly.
I think people eat very unhealthily.
The people know all their neighbors really well.
I think people drive really dangerously.
buses and trains are running perfectly.
inside the houses are decorated beautifully.
مبلمان چوبی مدرن
modern wooden (adj)furniture
دسامبر است و حدود ساعت 15 هوا تاریک می شود که دپرس کننده است!
It’s December and it gets dark at about 3 p.m., which is depressing(adj)
Adverb from good
Well
Which adverbs are describing other adverbs?
Really
Very
Incredibly
خنثی
طبیعی
Neutral
Natural
یک افسانه وجود دارد که اسپانیایی ها کار نمی کنند.
There’s a myth (mɪθ) that the Spanish don’t work.
مردم برای مناسبت های خاص چگونه لباس می پوشند؟
How do people dress for special occasions?
رفتار مردم با گردشگران چگونه است؟
How do people treat tourists?
مردم در حین بازی های ورزشی چگونه رفتار می کنند؟
How do people behave during sports games?
مردم چگونه خانه های خود را تزئین می کنند؟
How do people decorate their houses?
چیز خفنی نبود
No great shakes
Ex. The local train and bus services are no great shakes
بلند پروازی
بلندپرواز
Ambition
Ambitious
برخی بی اهمیت و برخی جدی تر هستند
some are trivial and some are more serious.
دستور العمل هایی را که می خواهید امتحان کنید، ترجیحاً آنهایی که خیلی سخت نیستند، انتخاب کنید
choose the recipes that you’d like to try, preferably ones that aren’t too difficult.
ناخن گاز گرفتن
bite nails
Grammar 11A
قیدهای حالت و تعدیل کننده ها
adverbs (manner and modifiers)
adverbs of manner
——————————-
They drive dangerously.
He dresses fashionably.
She eats very quickly.
I work hard.
We speak English well.
——————————-
• We use adverbs of manner to say how people do things.
• Adverbs usually go after the verb.
I speak English very well.
NOT I speak very well English.
——————————-
adjective
slow quick bad careful happy easy
possible good fast hard
adverb
slowly quickly badly carefully happily easily possibly well fast hard
Spelling
چهارتای اول +ly
دوتای بعدی consonant + y > -ily
یکی بعدی le> -ly
سه تای آخر irregular
——————————-
modifying adverbs: very, really, etc.
It isn’t very expensive.
She drives incredibly fast.
They speak really slowly.
We use modifying adverbs with adjectives or other adverbs.
They always go before the adjective or adverb.
——————————-
• Remember the difference between adiectives and adverbs:
I’m a careful driver. (careful is an adjective. It describes the noun, driver.)
I drive carefully. (carefully is an adverb.
It describes the verb, drive.)
——————————-
• words ending in -ly
Not all words that end in -ly are
adverbs, e.g., friendly = adjective.
He’s a friendly person.
Grammar 11B
فعل با مصدر
verbs + infinitive: want to, need to, etc.
I (want to find) a new job.
You (need to practice) every day.
When did you (learn to play) the guitar?
(Would you like to be) famous?
——————-
• Many verbs are followed by the infinitive.
These include: want, need, learn,
promise, decide, plan, and hope.
——————-
would like to
• I would like to = I want to (now or in the future).
• Contractions: ‘d = would; wouldn’t = would not.
• Use the infinitive after would like. I would like to learn.
NOT I would like learn.
Remember you can also use Would you like…? to offer:
Would you like a drink?
• would like is the same for all persons.
——————-
• would like and like
I’d like to dance. = I want to dance.
I like dancing. = I enjoy it; I like it in general.
Grammar 10C
be going to (predictions)
• We can use be going to + verb (base form) to make predictions (= to say what you think or can see is going to happen in the future).
—————-
I think it’s going to rain.
You’re going to be very happy.
I’m sure they’re going to win.
انتظار داشتن
احترام گذاشتن
جز
پذیرفتن
متخصص و کارشناس
expect
respect
except
accept
expert
Mexican people are very hospitable and they love to socialize.
مردم مکزیک بسیار مهمان نواز هستند و عاشق معاشرت هستند.
او بسیار تحت تاثیر قرار گرفت
she was very impressed .
مهمان نوازی مردم مکزیک گرم و دلپذیر است.
the hospitality of the Mexican people is warm and welcoming.
مردم مکزیک دوست دارند با دوستان و خانواده خود معاشرت کنند.
Mexican people like socializing with their friends and family.
Grammar 11C
articles
1 We use a|an
• to say what something is or what job people do.
• in expressions of frequency.
A What’s this? B It’s a photo of my daughter.
A What do they do? B Jim’s a doctor. Sally’s an engineer.
A How often do they have classes? B Three times a week
————
2 We use the
. when the speaker and hearer know the thing we are talking about: Close the window. = the one that is open.
• when there is only one of something: the Internet, the sun, etc.
• before superlative adjectives: the biggest, the best, etc.
Can you close the window, please?
Can you check their address on the Internet?
It’s the best restaurant I know.
————–
3 We often use (a) the first time we mention a person or thing and then (the) the next time because it is now clear who or what we are talking about.
3 a or the?
Let’s have a pizza. The pizzas are very good here.
—————
4 We don’t usually use the
• when we talk about people or things in general:
Men are more interested in sports than women. (general)
The women in this class work harder than the men. (specific)
• before possessive ‘s. She’s my mother’s cousin. NOT She’s the my mother’s cousin.
• with the following:
meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner, etc.
places: work, school, college, bed, home, etc. by + transportation: go by car, travel by train, etc.
4 no article
Men are usually more interested in sports than women.
She’s my mother’s cousin. That’s Tom’s chair!
Jim goes to school by bus.
Grammar
Verb+infinitive
🟥 افعالی که به دنبال آن ها to می آید
بیشتر افعال بلا فاصله با یک مصدر to مي آيند:
I can’t afford to go on holiday
من نمی توانم به تعطیلات بروم
It began to rain
باران شروع به باریدن کرد
She hopes to go to university next year
او امیدوار است سال آینده به دانشگاه برود
My mother never learned to swim
مادرم هرگز شنا را یاد نگرفت
?Did you remember to ring Nigel
یادت افتاد به نایجل زنگ بزنی؟
———————————-
🟥 افعالی كه با ing مي آيند:
mindياد آوري كردن,finishتمام كردن,denyانكار كردن,
admitاقرار كردن,missاز دست دادن,give upدست برداشتن از,dislikeدوست نداشتن,avoidاجتناب كردن,
practiceتمرين كردن,imagineتصور كردن,enjoyلذت بردن,(can’t) help(نتوانستن) كمك كردن,put offبه تعويق انداختن,involveدرگير كردن,fancyتصور كردن,
(can’t) stand(نتوانستن) ايستادن,riskخطر كردن,
keep (on)ادامه دادن,feel likeاحساس كردن,
considerدر نظر گرفتن
مثالها:
I always enjoy cooking
من همیشه از آشپزی لذت می برم
Not: I always enjoy to cook
We haven’t finished eating yet
ما هنوز غذا خوردن را تمام نکرده ایم
Not: We haven’t finished to eat
She keeps changing her mind about the wedding
او مدام نظر خود را در مورد عروسی تغییر می دهد
———————————-
🟥 افعالی که با to و ing مي آيند:
Hate, like, love, prefer
———————————-
🟥فاعل جدید قبل از ing
برخی از این افعال (مانند can’t stand, dislike, imagine, involve, mind, miss, put off , risk) را می توان با یک فاعل جدید قبل از فعل ing دار استفاده کرد. به عبارتي يعني بعد از اين افعال فعل بعدي به صورت ing دار مي آيد. اگر فاعل جدید ضمیر باشد، به صورت مفعول (me, him, her, us, them) است.
We just couldn’t imagine Gerry singing in public
ما فقط نمی توانستیم تصور کنیم که گری در ملاء عام آواز بخواند
Do you mind me being here while you’re working
آيا اشكال ندارد من اينجا باشم در حالي كه شما کار مي كنيد؟
I don’t want to risk him losing his job
من نمی خواهم او را به خطر بیاندازم که شغلش را از دست بدهد
You are forced to do something
Obligation
من می خواهم یک پیاده روی انجام دهم و به مدت سه هفته در آنجا کمپ بزنم.
I would like to do a trek and go camping there for three weeks.
ظاهراً او سکته قلبی کرده است.
apparently, he had a heart attack.
خاستگاه اینترنت به مسابقه فضایی دهه 1950 برمی گردد.
The origins of the Internet go back to the space race of the 1950s.
colleague
noun
/ˈkɑːliːɡ/
a person that you work with, especially in a profession or a business
همکار
توانایی انجام کاری را داشتن
afford to do something
I should go to work at 6 pm.
I’m off to work at 6 pm.
The phrases about the person who dies
Three days ago one of my close friends passed away.
he was one of my colleagues.
he was my close friend.
they laid him to rest.
may he rest in peace.
may god bless him.
He died an untimely death.
He came to an early grave.
I’m going to take part in his funeral ceremony.
In advance
B2
You can buy a ticket in advance or sometimes you can pay the driver.
از قبل، پیشاپیش
سالن خروج
Then you go through security to the departure lounge.
some extra money, about 10-20%
People usually give the driver a tip.
Exp:
How much is it?
That’s €13.60, please.
Make it £15.
When would you like it for?
Now, please.
رسید
could I have a receipt?
Question phrases
What does Jenny leave in the hotel?
How does she get it back?
What has Rob decided to do?
Is Eddie going to meet her at the airport?
American
And
British
one-way ticket = American English
single ticket = British English
round-trip ticket = American English
return ticket = British English
coach = American English
standard = British English
He can’t take a joke
I can take a joke and my friends can joke with me.
I was joking about her dress but she was badly hurt
نخود هر آش
Have a finger in every pie
فضول
Busybody
I’m trying to persuade him to stop smoking. It’s really ruining his health. His friends say You’re wasting your time…
He is a hard nut to crack
من و همسرم اشتراکات زیادی داریم
my wife and I have a lot in common.
12A present perfect
1 A Have you seen his new movie?
B Yes, I’ve seen all his movies.
She hasn’t read any Harry Potter
books.
2 Have you ever read a Russian novel?
Sarah’s never worked in a big company.
3 Have you finished the exercise?
Your parents have arrived. They’re in the living room.
1) We use the present perfect when we talk or ask about things that have happened in the past, but when we don’t say when.
2) We often use the present perfect with ever (= at any time in your life) and never (= at no time in your life).
3) We also use the present perfect to talk about something that has recently happened.
• To make the present perfect use have/has + the past participle of the verb.
• ‘s = has in present perfect.
• Past participles of regular verbs are the same as the simple past.
• Past participles of irregular verbs are sometimes the same as the simple past, e.g., read, but sometimes different, e.g., seen.
به پشتکار نیاز داشت برای غلبه بر مشکلات خواندنش
It took perseverance /ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪrəns/ to overcome his reading problems.
می تواند مفید باشد
it can come in handy
Or
it can be useful
I got confused.
I’m confused, say all that again.
confused=…
bewildered, perplexed, puzzled
what pizza topping do you want?
a substance, especially a sauce or pieces of food, that is put on top of other food to give extra flavour and to make it look attractive: pizza topping.
شما را جلوی ترمینال پیاده می کنند
drop you off in front of the terminal
کیت به یکی از کلیه هایش نیاز دارد.
Kate needs one of her kidneys.
آنا به دنبال وکیلی می رود تا به او در مبارزه با پرونده اش در دادگاه کمک کند.
Anna goes to find a lawyer to help her fight her case in court.
هم کتاب و هم فیلم برنده جوایز مهمی شده اند.
Both the book and the movie have won important prizes.
من پوشکش را عوض کردم
I changed her diaper.
دایپر
من اشتباه کردم
I made a mistake
سلیقه شما
your taste
من به ندرت (به ندرت) در خانه به موسیقی گوش می دهم - ترجیح می دهم به کنسرت (ترجیح می دهم بروم).
I hardly ever (rarely) listen to music at home - I prefer going to (I prefer to go) concerts.
دایره المعارف اطلاعات
encyclopedia of information
من از سودوکوی آخر شب لذت می برم، به خصوص از بودن با دوستان.
I enjoy a late night sudoku but especially being with friends.
آیا کاری هست که دوست دارید انجامش دهید؟
Is there something you would like to learn to do?
زیباترین شهری که تا به حال دیده اید کدام بوده است؟
what’s the most beautiful city you’ve ever visited?
Worst
وِرست
منشی اینجا نیست او به بانک رفته است
The Secretary isn’t here. She’s gone to the bank.
من می خواهم به جایی بروم که هرگز نرفته ام و دوست دارم با شما به آنجا بروم.
I want to go somewhere I have never been, and I’d like to go there with you.
Grammar 12B
present perfect or simple past?
A Have you been to Luigi’s?
B Yes, I have.
A When did you go there?
B I went last weekend.
A Who did you go with?
B I went with some people
from work.
I’ve been to New York twice. I went to visit my sister - she’s married to an American.
•We often use the present perfect to ask about or tell somebody about a past action for the first time. We don’t ask/say when the action happened:
Have you been to Luigi’s?
I’ve been to New York twice.
•We then use the simple past to ask/talk about specific past details:
When did you go there? I went to visit my sister.
•We use the simple past NOT the present perfect with when and past time expressions, e.g., yesterday, last week:
When did you see it? NOT When have you seen it?
I saw it last week. NOT I’ve seen it last week.
•been or gone?
I’ve been to Brazil.
My sister’s gone to Brazil to study Portuguese.
• Been to and gone to have different meanings. Been is the past participle of be, and gone is the past participle of go.
• in the present perfect, we use been to (NOT gone to or been in) to say that somebody has visited a place.
I’ve been to the US three times. Have you been to the new Vietnamese restaurant on George Street?
•We use gone to when somebody goes to a place and is still there:
My parents have gone to the US for their vacation. They don’t come back until Saturday.
• Compare: Nick has been to Paris = He visited Paris and came back at some time in the past.
Nick has gone to Paris, = He went to Paris, and he is in
Paris now.
برنزه به نظر میرسی آیا به ساحل بوده اید؟
You look tan. Have you been to the beach?
کدام شهر بدترین گره ترافیکی جهان را دارد؟
which city has the worst traffic jams in the world?
another way of asking “what have you been doing?” We can ask it to find out everything a person has been doing within a period of time, for example, “what have you been up to this week?”
What have you been up to?
مردم نیز برای لذت بردن از نسیم خنک و تماشای غروب خورشید در عصر به این مکان می روند.
People also visit this place in the evening to enjoy the cool breeze and see the sun set.
زندگی در اینجا تا همین اواخر بی رحمانه بود.
Life here was brutal until quite recently.
تنها چیزی که در اینجا گران تر است خدمات درمانی است. شما باید بیمه درمانی داشته باشید.
The only thing that’s more expensive here is healthcare. You need to have health insurance.
غذاهای متنوعی از سراسر جهان وجود دارد.
There’s a wide variety of food from all around the world.
غذاهای بریتانیایی سالمتر از غذاهای آمریکایی هستند و حجم های آن نیز بسیار کوچکتر است.
British food is healthier than American food, and the portions are a lot smaller, too.
optimistic
pessimistic
As for the people, I find Americans very positive and optimistic about the future compared to British people who can be pessimistic.
خوشبین
بدبین
در بریتانیا مردم بسیار محتاط تر هستند.
in the UK people are much more reserved.
What school/ college do you….to?
What year….you in?
Go
Are
What does she look like?
What is she like?
What does she look like? = Tell me about her appearance
(Is she tall / short? What color hair does she have?).
——————-
What is she like? = Tell me what kind of person she is
(Is she friendly? Is she shy?).
What does he / she look like?
She has curly red hair.
She has long straight hair.
She has big blue eyes.
She has dark wavy hair.
He’s bald. کچل
He has a beard and a mustache. ریش سبیل
He’s very tall and thin.
He’s short and a little overweight.
He’s medium height and slim.
thin or slim? fat or overweight?
Using two adjectives together
Thin and slim are both the opposite of fat, but slim = thin in an attractive way.
لاغر به شکلی جذاب
Fat is not very polite. It is more polite to say someone is (a little) overweight.
————
We often use two adjectives together (without and) to describe hair or eyes, e.g., She has long curly hair or He has big brown eyes. Adjectives go in this order:
size>style>color noun.
What’s he like? What’s she like?
1 A person who is open and warm is friendly and the Opposite is unfriendly.
2 A person who talks a lot is talkative
and the opposite is quiet.
3 A person who likes giving people
things is generous and the opposite is cheap. بخشنده و خسیس
4 A person who is friendly and good to
other people is kind and the opposite is unkind.
5 A person who doesn’t want to work is lazy and the opposite is hardworking.
6 A person who makes people laugh is
Funny and the opposite is serious.
7 A person who is quick at learning
understanding things is (synonym intelligent) smart and the opposite is stupid.
8 A person who can’t talk easily to
people he / she doesn’t know is shy and the opposite is extrovert. خجالتی و برون گرا
Experiment
Feel like حس انجام کاری را داشتن + verb +ing
Sociable
Get along well
Sense of humor
Are into
Compatible
In our weekly experimentآزمایش, single people who are looking for a partner ask their mother and their best friend to help.
I love going to The movies, but I often feel like staying at home with a good book.
I’m very friendly and sociable and I get along well with most people.
I think I have a good sense of humor.
I like men who are into literature and art and who are physically more compatible.
In a relationship, it means there is no attraction nor indication of such between
There isn’t any chemistry between us
Single
Mingle
Single and ready to mingle
A … is typically an office or reception worker, while an ….. can be anyone who is paid by a company.
Clerk
Employee
دمپایی لا انگشتی
Flip flops
کفش کتانی
کسی که دزدکی راه میرود
Sneakers
ساق پوش
Leggings
جوراب شلواری
Tights
ژاکت پشمی
Cardigan
wear, carry, or dress?
Use wear for clothes and jewelry/glasses, etc.
She’s wearing a hat.
He’s wearing sunglasses.
Use carry for bags, briefcasesکیف اسناد یا کیف, etc.
She’s carrying a bag.
Use dress (with no object) to describe the kind of clothes people wear.
TV journalists dress very well.
Jane always dresses in black.
او به قرار ملاقات می رود
he goes on a date with…
present continuous: be + verb + -ing
• Use the present continuous:
1- for things that are happening now, at this moment.
2- for temporary موقتthings that are happening now, this week, etc.
3- to describe a picture.
—————————
• Use the simple present for things that are generally true or always happen.
• We normally use verbs that describe states or feelings (non-action verbs), e.g., want, need, like, in the simple present, not continuous.
گربه نماد خیانت است.
The cat is a symbol of infidelity.
Fidelity تعهد
Describing a picture (a painting or photo)
When we describe a picture we usually use:
• There is / There are to say what is in the picture, e.g., There is a table and a vase with flowers in it. There are two people.
• The present continuous to say what the people are doing, e.g., The woman is. standing and the man is sitting.
• Sometimes we combine There is and the present continuous, e.g., There is a woman standing near the window.
شخص وقت شناس
Punctual person
On-time person
not late
Please be punctual for your appointment.قرارملاقات
She’s a very punctual person.
Phrases in the hotel
There is a problem with the….
I am sorry to bother you…. ببخشید مزاحم شدم
I will put you through to… وصلتون میکنم
I’ll
There’s a problem with the air-conditioning.
I’ll send somebody to look at it.
I’ll = I will. We use I’ll + verb to offer to do something.
Social English phrase
Here you are at last.بالاخره اومدی
It’s great to be here.
Do you have a good view?
Barbara’s looking forward to meeting you. (look forward + verb + ing)
You must be really tired.
I guess you’re right.
By the way راستی
It’s great to see you, too.
فاجعه
If you are with the wrong person, a vacation can be a disaster
وقتی بانکوک را ترک کردیم همه چیز به هم خورد.
things went wrong when we left Bangkok.
(go wrong)
من می خواستم فضای محلی را تجربه کنم
i wanted to experience the local atmosphere.
انگار در بهشت بودم.
It was like being in paradise.
میا شروع به لاس زدن با یکی از پسرها کرد.
Mia started flirting with one of the boys.
تصمیم گرفتیم از هم جدا شویم
we decided to break up.
ما برای او متاسف شدیم
we felt sorry for her.
او نمیخواست به سفرهای دریایی برود یا فعالیتهایی در طبیعت انجام دهد که هزینهای داشته باشد.
she didn’t want to go on any cruises or do any nature activities that cost money.
شكايت كردن یا غر زدن
Complain
Vacation(phrases with go)
go abroad
go away for the weekend
go by bus/car/plane/train
go camping
go for a walk
go on vacation
go out at night
go sightseeing(see some views)
go skiing/walking/biking
go swimming/sailing/surfing
Some vacation activities
stay in a hotel / at a campsite / with friends
take photos
buy souvenirs
sunbathe on the beach سان بِیز
have a good time
spend money/time
rent an apartment / a bicycle/skis
book flights/hotels online
چندش اور
Disgusting
Warm
وُرم
General affirmative and negative adjectives
+ nice, wonderful, fantastic, great
OK, not bad, alright
- awful, horrible, terrible
همدردی و دلسوزی کردن
verb
/ˈsɪmpəθaɪz/
Who do you sympathize with most?
Useful language for showing interest
+ Really? Wow! Fantastic! Great! etc.
—Oh, no! How awful! etc.
[?] Was it expensive? Why? What happened? etc.
نتیجه ی انتخابات
&
ناراحت
When I took this photo, everybody was looking at the TV screens waiting for the (election results). Some people were quietly holding hands and smiling - others were (tense) and nervous.
آنها در حال بازی تنیس بودند که باران شروع شد.
They were playing tennis when it started to rain.
حدود ساعت 11 نتایج اعلام شد و همه دیوانه شدند.
at about 11 o’clock the results were announced and everybody went crazy.
In
On
At
In
(Place)
1-Countries and cities ex. Peru, Lima
2-Rooms ex. the kitchen
3-Buildings ex. a store, a museum
4-Closed spaces ex. a park, a yard a car
(Time)
1-month ex. February, June
2-seasons ex. The winter
3-Years ex. 2011
4-Times of day ex. The morning, the afternoon, the evening (not night)
——————
On
(Place)
1-Transportation ex. a bike, a bus, a train, a plane, a ship (not car)
2-A surface ex. the floor, a table, a shelf, the balcony, the roof, the wall
(Time)
1-Dates ex. March Ist
2-Days ex. Tuesday, New Year’s Day, Valentine’s Day ,the weekend
—————
At
(Place)
1-school, home, work, college
the airport, the train station, a bus stop ,a party, the door
(Time)
1-times ex. 6 o’clock, two thirty,
7:45
night, midnight, lunch
More examples for In At On
1 I arrived…New York City on Friday night.(in)
2 I was very tired when I arrived…the hotel.(at)
3 I have waiting…people who are late.(for)
4 A What are you going to do…the weekend?(on)
B I don’t know. It depends…the weather.(on)
5 I’m sorry, but I really don’t agree…you.(with)
6 I asked…a chicken sandwich, but this is tuna!(for)
7 Let’s invite Debbie and Tim…the party.(to)
8 Who’s going to pay…the meal?(for)
9 I need to speak…Martin…the meeting.(with about)
10 I don’t spend much money…food.(on)
11 Are you going to write…him soon?(to)
12 Don’t worry…the exam. It isn’t very hard.(about)
13 She fell…love…a man she met on the
Internet.(in with)
14 You’re not listening! What are you thinking…?(about)
15 A What do you think…Shakira?(of)
B I really like her. I think she’s great.
(• arrive in or arrive at?
Remember we use arrive in + cities or countries and arrive at + buildings, stations, etc.)
In
At
On
(example)
A-Where were you at six o’clock in the evening?
B-I was at Work.
A-What were you doing?
B-I was having a meeting with the boss.
Interested
Interested in politics.
او رهبر تظاهرات بود
she was a leader in the demonstration .
اما کارولین یاغی و سرکش بود.
But Caroline was a rebel.
عکس های تاریخی معروف
famous historical photos
About the picture
What was happening?
People were waiting for the results.
Past continuous example
Why was she going very fast?
Because she was in a hurry.
Time sequencers and connectors
After that
The next day
One evening in October
Suddenly
Two minutes later
When
Although
So
Then
Example of connectors
1 She was going very fast because She was in a hurry.
2 Although the food wasn’t very good, they had a wonderful time.
3 He was wearing a dark coat,
So Hannah didn’t see him at first.
سرما خوردم
I caught(catch) a cold.
خوابم برد
من به خواب رفته ام
I fell asleep.
I’ve fallen asleep
آنها دیوانه وار عاشق شده بودند.
They were madly in love.
پایش را روی ترمز گذاشت.
she put her foot on the brake.
Verb phrases with (invite, give, play, run, be, meet, wait, leave, take, have )
drive along Bridge Street
Give somebody your email/phone number
play a song
run across the street
be in a hurry
Meet in a coffee shop
wait for somebody
leave the club very late
Invite somebody to dinner
take somebody to a restaurant
have a wonderful time
Sentence
She was going to be late!
She ran to her car and got in.
هوا کم کم داره گرم میشه
The weather little by little(step by step) is getting warm.
For glasses and dress we use present or past continuous.
She couldn’t see him because she wasn’t wearing her glasses.
The police stopped her on the freeway because she wasn’t wearing a seat belt.
Drive
Are you going to drive there?
No, we are going to take the train.
اثر هنری
Works of art
Consider
Considered
Considerable
توجه کردن
توجه شده
قابل توجه
consider verb
A2
/kənˈsɪdər/
Verb Forms
Idioms
[intransitive, transitive] to think about something carefully, especially in order to make a decision
I’d like some time to consider.
سنجیدن، سبک سنگین کردن
رسیدگی کردن (به)، ملاحظه کردن، تفکر کردن
I consider myself a spender.
من خودم را خرج کننده می دانم.
اولین باری که متوجه این پدیده شدم، چند سال پیش بود.
The first time I noticed this phenomenon, was a few years ago.
انبوهی از مردم
A crowd of people
او مرا عصبانی می کند
He irritates me.
(irritating آزاردهنده)
وقتی به خانه میرسند، میتوانند نقاشیها را بهتر تحسین کنند.
they could admire the paintings better when they got home.
likely
adjective
/ɪmˈprɑːbəbl/
not likely to be true or to happen
SYNONYM unlikely
an improbable story
this was very improbable.(ایمپرابِبُل)
She’s likely to fall off her bike. Probable
A is three times as likely as B.
To be likely to do sth
I won’t tell her.
She’s likely to explode.
بعد بدتر شد
then it got worse.
که در کنار یا مقابل برخی از معروف ترین نقاشی ها ژست گرفته بودند.
who were posing next to or in front of some of the most famous paintings.
pose verb
B2
/pəʊz/
Verb Forms
[transitive] pose something to create a threat, problem, etc. that has to be dealt with.
to pose a threat/risk/challenge/danger.
the threat posed by terrorism.
(مشکل/خطر/دردسر) ایجاد کردن، باعث شدن
مطرح کردن، گذاردن، قراردادن، اقامه کردن، ژست گرفتن، وانمود شدن، قیافه گرفتن، وضع، حالت، ژست، قیافه گیری برای عکسبرداری، سوال پیچ کردن، با سوال گیر انداختن
باید ممنوع شود
should be banned.
اما راه حل با شدت کمتری هم دارم.
but I also have a less drastic solution.
افرادی که می خواهند از یک نمایشگاه عکس بگیرند.
The people who want to take a photo of an exhibition.
به نظر من عکاسی در موزه ها باید ممنوع شود.
I think that photography in museums should be banned.
ban verb B1
Realistic
واقع بین
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
get in touch with درتماس باش با
go to bed early
have (sth) in common
last weekend
spend time on (sth)
somewhere niceیجای خوب
How often do you…?
What kind of (music)…?
Where were you born?
Different +…
I’m very different from/to my best friend
در یکی از مناطق شانگهای برگزار شد
It held in a district of Shanghai.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
guy
partner
single person
smile
sociable
be into (sth)
feel like (doing something)
get along well (with)
go on a date
sense of humor
Vocabulary
Airports
Terminal
Elevators
Departures پرواز های رفت
Check-in
Baggage check-in
Gates
Passport control
Immigration
Baggage claim
Cart چرخ دستی
Customs گمرک
Arrivals ورودی ها
Restrooms
Connecting flight
قرار است در یک مکان عجیب و غریب عکاسی کند
is going to do a photo shoot in an exotic place.
Sentence stress and fast speech
1 What are you going to do tonight?
2 Are you going to see a movie?
3 I’m going to cook a meal for you.
4 I think it’s going to rain.
5 We aren’t going to have a vacation this year.
Fast speech gonna
When people speak fast they often pronounce going to as gonna /’ganal, e.g., What are you going to do? sounds like What are you gonna do?
قبل از اینکه مجبور به سوار شدن به پرواز خود شوید
before you have to board your flight
Time table
Schedule
کابوس
Nightmare
ده ها یا چند جین پلی استیشن رایگان وجود دارد
there are dozens of free playstations.
درمان های زیبایی
جراحی زیبایی
beauty treatments
beauty surgery
B2
sur‧ge‧ry /ˈsɜːdʒəri $ ˈsɜːr-/ noun (plural surgeries)
عمل جراحی
اتاق جراحی، عمل جراحی
sur‧geon /ˈsɜːdʒən $ ˈsɜːr-/ noun [countable]
جراح
رئیس بهداری
———
surgeon performed 2 surgeries on her.
جراح 2 عمل جراحی روی او انجام داد.
به سرگرم نگه داشتن مسافران کمک می کند
it helps to keep passengers entertained
برنامه ریزی های آینده
Present continuous (future arrangements)
For a long time
For ages
Arrangements N
Arrange V
Definite plans for the future.
Arrange v
قرار گذاشتن
مرتب کردن، ترتیب دادن، آراستن، چیدن، سازمند کردن
Definite
adjective
قطعی
محکم، معین، تصریح شده، صریح، روشن، معلوم
I continue to be
I’m still
من همچنان هستم
Maybe
Perhaps
To decide something (e.x., a day / date)
Set
قصد و نیت
Intention (noun)
Intend (verb)
B1
what you intend or plan to do; your aim.
I have no intention of going to the wedding.
I have every intention of paying her back what I owe her.
هم آپارتمانی ها
apartmentmates
نزدیک به هم
close together
اضافه شارژ
In-room wife
Parking garage
(surcharge)
اجاره ماشین در محل
on-site car rental
کارکنان
Staff
استَف
اغذیه فروشی و مشروب فروشی
bistro
چند زبانه
multi-lingual
offer
v
A2
پیشنهاد کردن
ایجاب، اظهار یا ابراز کردن، عرضه کردن
ارائه می دهد
منطقی
معقولانه
reasonable
reasonably
hostel
خوابگاه
خیلی وقته خبری از شما نیست
no news from you for ages.
Future arrangements
1 I’m flying from Boston on JetBlue.
2 I’m arriving in San Francisco at 2:40 p.m.
3 I’m staying at a hotel near the convention center. مرکز کنوانسیون
لحن
Intonation
Sounding friendly
A Would you like to go out for dinner?
B I’d love to.
A Are you free on Thursday?
B Sorry, I’m going to the movies.
A What about Friday? What are you doing then?
B Nothing. Friday’s fine.
A OK. Let’s go to the new Italian place.
B Great.
Postscript
(p.s.)
ذیل نامه، یادداشت الحاقی اخر نامه یا کتاب، ضمیمه کتاب (مخفف ان P.S.است)، کامپیوتر: پست اسکریپت
Defining (معین کردن)relative clauses
ضمیر موصولی برای وصل کردن یک «جملهواره» (Clause) یا یک «عبارت» (Phrase) به اسم یا ضمیر به کار میرود.
Who ,That ,Where ,Which …
A cook is a person who makes food.
That’s the woman who won the lottery last year.
A clock is something that tells the time.
Is that the book that everybody’s reading?
A post office is a place where you can buy stamps.
That’s the restaurant where I had dinner last week.
—–
• Use defining relative clauses to explain what a person, thing, or place is or does.
• Use who for a person, that for a thing, and where for a place.
—-
that
You can use that instead of who.
She’s the girl who / that works with my brother.
You can use which instead of that to talk about things.
It’s a thing which / that connects two computers.
سعی کنید کلمه را با پانتومیم شبیه سازی کنید
try to mime the word .
express the meaning of (something written or spoken) using different words
Paraphrasing
ترجمه تفسیر توضیح
paraphrase v
Try to paraphrase the question before you answer it.
Useful expressions for explaining a word that you don’t know
1 It’s Somebody/ a person who works in a hospital.
2 It’s Something/ a thing that we use for everything nowadays.
3 It’s somewhere/ a place where people go when they want to buy something.
4 It’s a kind of gadget.
5 It’s the opposite of dark.
6 It’s Like light, but you use it to describe hair.
7 It’s similar to intelligent.
8 For example, you do this to the TV.
New Words with their definition
1 boy toy n a young man who is going out with a much older woman.
2 to text v to send a message using a cell phone.
3 barista n a person who works in a coffee shop.
4 Road rage n feeling angry because of the traffic or another person’s driving.خشم جاده ای
5 Latte n coffee with hot milk.
6 gastropub n a place where you can also have very good food.میخانه غذاخوری
(gastronomy خوشگذرانی پرخوری+pub میخانه
شکلک هایی در اینترنت
Emoticon اِموتیکان
Emotion+icon
غذایی که هم بجای ناشتا و هم بجای ناهار صرف شود
Brunch
Breakfast + lunch
گرفتن دست همدیگر
hold hands
یک فرار خوش شانس
a lucky escape
خواربار
Grocery
Windshield
شیشه جلوی اتومبیل
telephone pole
تیر تلفن
کیسه هوا در ماشین باد می شود
airbags in the car would inflate
they cut her out of the car
او را از ماشین بیرون کشیدند
کبودی
Bruise
بروز
قرص نان
loaf of bread
سالگرد عقد
سالگرد ازدواج
Engagement anniversary
Marriage anniversary
مثل همیشه
As usual
عبور از خیابان
cross the street
درست سر وقت
just in time
تا آخرین لحظه
until the last minute
قبلا، پیش از این
Already
حومه شهر
suburb
سابرب
توسعه دادن، گسترش
Extend
verb
B2
/ɪkˈstend/
Verb Forms
make longer/larger/wider
[transitive] extend something to make something longer or larger.
to extend a fence/road/house
باند فرودگاه
Runway
بازرگانی
تجاری
Commercial
مذاکره
Negotiation
بی درنگ و بدون تاخیر
Promptly
Immediately
At once
منظره یا چشم انداز
Scenery
تور چند شب طول می کشد؟
how many nights does the tour last?
مقصد
Destination
تماشایی، چشمگیر
منظره دیدنی، نمایش غیر عادی
Spectacular
spekˈtækjʊlə $ -ər
اجرا
ایفاء، عملکرد، سطح کارآیی، اجرا، نمایش
Performance
———
perform verb
A2
/pərˈfɔːrm/
Verb Forms
Idioms
[transitive, intransitive] perform (something) to entertain an audience by playing a piece of music, acting in a play, etc.
to perform a song/dance/play
اجرا کردن
انجام دادن، بجا آوردن، بازی کردن، نمایش دادن
Plenty
فراوان، بیش از حد نیاز
فراوانی، بسیاری، کفایت، به مقدار فراوان
تپه
Hill
اوضاع چطوره
how are things?
اختصار، کوته سازی، مخفف، تلخیص
noun
abbreviations
Dr’ is the written abbreviation of ‘Doctor’.
Restaurant dialogue
(I’d like or I’ll have)
Are you ready to order ? Yes, please.
Can I get you something to start with?No, thank you. I’d like the tuna with a green salad.
And for you, sir? I’ll have the steak, please.
Would you like that with
fries or a baked potto ? Fries, please.
How would you like your
steak? Rare, medium, or Well done.
well done? Nothing for me.
OK. And to drink ? Water, please.
Still or sparkling? Sparkling.
The tuna for you ma’am, and the steak for you sir. I’m sorry, but I asked for a green salad, not fries.
No problem. I’ll Chauge it. Excuse me.
Yes, sir?
Sorry, l asked for my steak well done and this is rare.
I am really sorry. I’ll take it back to the kitchen.
Social English phrases
So tell me, Rob…
Well, to Start with…
Do you have any suggestions
That would be great.
Could we have the check (bill), please?
Excuse me, I think there’s a mistake
OK, let’s to go.
نوجوانان عادت های آزاردهنده ای دارند
teenagers have annoying habits
آنها بدون در زدن وارد اتاق من می شوند و بعد از دیدن چیزهایی که واقعاً نمی خواهند بدانند شگفت زده می شوند.
They come into my room without knocking and then are surprised to see things they don’t really want to know about.
They just keep on texting when I’m telling them something really important and they say, “Yeah, yeah I heard you.” Of course, they didn’t.
آنها فقط زمانی که من چیز بسیار مهمی را به آنها می گویم به پیامک ادامه می دهند و آنها می گویند: “آره، بله، شما را شنیدم.” البته این کار را نکردند.
آنها اتاق خود را در بهم ریختگی وحشتناکی ترک می کنند و وقتی از آنها می خواهم که آن را تمیز کنند چشمان خود را گرد یا اخم می کنند.
They leave their room in a terrible mess and then roll their eyes when I ask them to clean it.
آنها هرگز لباس های کثیف یا حوله های خیس را از روی زمین بر نمی دارند. آنها فکر می کنند جن و پری بعدا می آیند و آنها را می گیرند!
They never pick up dirty clothes or wet towels from the floor. They think some elves come later and pick them up!
آنها به من می گویند ظرف ها را بشور و بعد شکایت می کنند که چیزها را در جای نامناسب در ماشین ظرفشویی گذاشته ام.
They tell me To do the dishes and then complain that I put things in the wrong place in the dishwasher.
هر وقت لازم باشه باهاشون تماس بگیرم یا موبایلشون خاموشه یا باتریش تموم شده.
Whenever I need to call them, their cell phone is either turned off or the battery is dead.
مراقبت شدید
intense of care
someone who is very interested in fashion and who likes the very newest styles
fash‧ion‧ist‧a /ˌfæʃəˈniːstə/ noun [countable] informal
a holiday that you spend at or near your home
staycation noun
/ˌsteɪˈkeɪʃn/
/ˌsteɪˈkeɪʃn/
Vocabulary
“Housework”
clean the floor
clean your room
do the dishes
do the ironing
do the laundry
do the shopping
make lunch
make the beds
pick up dirty clothes (from the floor)
put away your clothes
set the table (opposite clear)
take out the garbage
Vocabulary
“Make or Do”
Make a mistake
Do an exercise/homework
make a noise
make a phone call
Do housework
Make friends
Make lunch/dinner
Do yoga
Make plans
بدت نمیاد چیکار کنی
what don’t you mind doing?
what housework do you hate doing?
از انجام چه کارهای خانه متنفری؟
Yet, already
1 A Have you done your homework yet?
B No, not yet. I haven’t finished yet.
2 A Do you want to see this movie?
B No, I’ve already seen it three times.
———–
• We often use yet and already with the present perfect.
1 Use yet in [?] and [-] sentences to ask if something has happened or to say if it hasn’t happened. Put yet at the end of the sentence.
2 Use already in [+] sentences to say that something happened before now or earlier than expected. Put already before the main verb.
کمد لباس
Closet
قرض گرفتن
قرض دادن
Borrow
Lend
Just + past tense
You can used “just” with any past tense (including the present perfect) with the meaning of “shortly before”. The present perfect actually describes something that happened in the past, but is finished in the present. In the present tense and future tense “just” means “only”: He just eats a sandwich.
در مورد مراقبین نوجوان
about teenage caregivers
نوجوانان چه شهرتی دارند؟
what reputation do teenagers have?
آنها اسمشون بد در رفته
they have a bad reputation
شما دقیقا به موقع هستید. ما هنوز نخورده ایم
You are just in time. we haven’t eaten yet.
برابری
equality
a number representing a particular amount, especially one given in official information
Figure
n
A2
Official figures indicate that crime is falling.
.آمارهای رسمی حاکی از کاهش جرم و جنایت است
هیکل، پیکره، تندیس، شکل، صورت، شخص، نقش، رقم، عدد
کارهای روزمره
کارهای عادی و روزمره
Chore
به هر حال، زنان باید بسیار صبور باشند.
however, women will have to be extremely patient.
شركت كنندگان
Participants
Contestants (contest مسابقه v and n)
Costume (party)
Custom
پارتی لباس
گمرک، مشتری، رسم سنت
specify a specific person
شخص خاصی را مشخص کنید
Never mind
بیخیال
fitting room
اتاق پرو
take something back
if you take something back to a shop, or a shop takes something back, you return something that you have bought there, for example because it is the wrong size or does not work
try something on
to put on a piece of clothing to see if it fits and how it looks
fit or suit?
(This fits you & this suits you)
If clothes don’t fit you, it means they are the wrong size (e.g., too big, too small, too tight, too loose)
If clothes don’t suit you, it means they don’t look good on you.
Proceed
He outlined his plans and then proceeded to explain them in more detail.
verb
B2
/prəʊˈsiːd/
Verb Forms
Phrasal Verbs
[intransitive] proceed (with something) to continue doing something that has already been started; to continue being done
We’re not sure whether چه، خواهwe still want to proceed with the sale. ما مطمئن نیستیم که آیا همچنان می خواهیم به فروش ادامه دهیم یا خیر
———
حرکت کردن، اقدام کردن، پرداختن
expiration date
تاریخ انقضا
Auction site
سایت مزایده یا حراج
Exclusive
adjective
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv/
انحصاری
تنها، منحصر به فرد، گران، دربست
Diagnose
diagnosed as dyslexic
به عنوان نارساخوان تشخیص داده شد
Advantage
مزیت فایده سود
The opposite is a disadvantage
bride and bridegroom
عروس و داماد
