American English File Books Flashcards
Tutor
noun
/ˈtjuːtə(r)/
1- a private teacher, especially one who teaches an individual student or a very small group
2- He worked as a tutor to the family’s three young children.
Concept
noun
/ˈkɑːnsept/
1- an idea or a principle that is connected with something abstract
concept of something the concept of social class
helping students grasp abstract concepts such as leadership and teamwork
basic/fundamental/key/core concepts
concept that… the concept that everyone should have equality of opportunity
the concept behind something the concepts behind an artist’s work
مفهوم
Issue
noun
/ˈɪʃuː/
Idioms
topic of discussion
1- an important topic that people are discussing or arguing about
a key/major issue
This is a big issue; we need more time to think about it.
Teacher education has become a political issue.
They discussed a number of important environmental issues.
consequence
noun
/ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/
B1
1- a result of something that has happened, especially an unpleasant result
offender
offend
offended
noun
B2
/əˈfendər/
(rather formal)
1- a person who commits a crime.
a persistent/serious/violent, etc. offender
a young offender institution
مجرم
——-
offend verb
B2
/əˈfend/
Verb Forms
[transitive, often passive, intransitive] offend (somebody) to make somebody feel upset because of something you say or do that is rude or embarrassing
They’ll be offended if you don’t go to their wedding.
رنجاندن، ناراحت کردن
تخطی کردن، متغیر کردن، اذیت کردن، صدمه زدن، دلخور کردن
———
offended adjective
/əˈfendɪd/
feeling upset because of something said or done that is rude or embarrassing
Alice looked rather offended.
criminal
a gang of criminals
noun
/ˈkrɪmɪnl/
A2
a gang of criminals
گروهی از مجرمان
1- a person who commits a crime
a convicted criminal
2- Police sometimes put themselves in danger when arresting violent criminals.
3- Society does not know how to deal with hardened criminals (= people who regularly commit crimes and are not sorry for what they do).
(especially North American English) a career criminal (= who earns their income through criminal activities)
He admits to being a petty criminal (= who commits crimes that are not very serious).
white-collar criminals
crime noun
sufficient
adjective
/səˈfɪʃnt/
1- enough for a particular purpose; as much as you need
Allow sufficient time to get there.
One dose should be sufficient.
sufficient to do something These reasons are not sufficient to justify the ban.
Our budget is hardly sufficient to pay people, let alone buy any new equipment.
sufficient for something/somebody Is £100 sufficient for your expenses?
The salary proved sufficient for his needs.
Rap
noun
/ræp/
[countable]
1- a quick, sharp hit or knock
There was a sharp rap on the door.
lead
verb
/liːd/
show the way
1- to go with or in front of a person or an animal to show the way or to make them go in the right direction
SYNONYM guide
پیشرو بودن، در راس بودن
کابل هادی، هدایت نمودن
therapy
noun
/ˈθerəpi/
(plural therapies)
[uncountable, countable]
1- the treatment of a physical problem or an illness
2- He is receiving therapy for cancer.
Most leukaemia patients undergo some sort of drug therapy (= treatment using drugs).
alternative/complementary therapies (= treatments that do not use traditional drugs)
new cancer therapies
They recommend exercise therapy for patients with chronic back pain.
strike
verb
/straɪk/
hit somebody/something
1- to hit somebody/something hard or with force
به ذهن خطور کردن، به ذهن رسیدن
اعتصاب، یورش، حمله کردن، حمله، ضربه زدن
اعتصاب
versus
preposition
/ˈvɜːrsəs/
1- used to show that two teams or sides are against each other
It is France versus Brazil in the final.
in the case of the State versus Ford
change purse
noun
/ˈtʃeɪndʒ pɜːrs/
(North American English)
1- a small bag made of leather, plastic, etc. for
binder
binder noun
/ˈbaɪndə(r)/
/ˈbaɪndər/
[countable] a hard cover for holding sheets of paper, magazines, etc. together
a ring binder
Subscribe today and get a free binder with your first issue.
scissors
noun
/ˈsɪzərz/
[plural]
1- A tool for cutting paper or cloth, that has two sharp blades (= cutting edges) with handles, joined together in the middle
a pair of scissors
I Will Keep You Posted
If you tell someone you’re going to
“keep them posted,” you mean that you will let them know of any changes or updates as you become aware of them. You’re promising to
“keep someone in the loop” about any new occurrences relevant to a particular subject they’re interested in monitoring.
messy
adjective
/ˈmesi/
(comparative messier, superlative messiest)
1- dirty and/or untidy
SYNONYM chaotic
The house was always messy.
The children got really messy playing in the woods.
(North American English) Her long black hair was messy and dirty.
neat
adjective
/niːt/
(comparative neater, superlative neatest)
1- tidy and in order; carefully done or arranged
She kept her desk extremely neat.
You’ve got very neat handwriting!
neat rows of books
She was wearing a neat black suit.
They sat in her neat and tidy kitchen.
pleasure
noun
/ˈpleʒər/
Idioms
[uncountable]
1- a state of feeling or being happy or satisfied
SYNONYM enjoyment
2- His eyes lit up with pleasure.
3- Encourage your child to read for pleasure.
4- He takes no pleasure in his work.
5- She took pleasure in shocking her parents.
5- A large number of people fail to derive any pleasure at all from horror movies.
bracelet
bracelet noun
/ˈbreɪslət/
piece of jewellery worn around the wrist or arm
She had a charm bracelet on her wrist.
jewellery
noun
/ˈdʒuːəlri/
1- objects such as rings and necklaces that people wear as decoration
silver/gold jewellery
She has some lovely pieces of jewellery.
I don’t wear jewellery of any kind.
She inherited the family jewellery.
The nurse asked her to remove all her jewellery.
(British English) a jewellery shop
(US English) a jewelry store
wrist
noun
/rɪst/
1- the joint between the hand and the arm
She’s broken her wrist.
He wore a copper bracelet on his wrist.
necklace
noun
/ˈnekləs/
1- A piece of jewellery consisting of a chain, string of beads, etc. worn around the neck
a diamond necklace
side dish
noun
/ˈsaɪd dɪʃ/
(North American English, informal side /saɪd/ /saɪd/)
1- a small amount of food, for example a salad, served with the main course of a meal
SYNONYM side order
a side dish of fresh vegetables