American Cultures Vocab set 1

Question 1

Transcontinental Railroad

Answer 1

railway extending from coast to coast

Question 2

Patent

Answer 2

a license to make, use, or sell an invention

Question 3

Bessemer Process

Answer 3

new process patented in 1856, for making steel more efficiently

Question 4

Mass Production

Answer 4

manufacture of goods in great amounts

Question 5

Productivity

Answer 5

amount that a worker produces in a given period of time

Question 6

Social Darwinism

Answer 6

theory, derived from Darwin’s theory of natural selection, that society should do as little as possible to interfere with people’s pursuit of success

Question 7

Monopoly

Answer 7

complete control of a product or service

Question 8

Cartel

Answer 8

loose association of businesses that make the same product

Question 9

Trust

Answer 9

a group of separate companies placed under the control of a single managing board

Question 10

Sherman Anti-trust act

Answer 10

law passed in 1890 that outlawed any combination of companies that restrained trade or commerce

Question 11

Horizontal Consolidation

Answer 11

process of bringing together many firms that are in the same business to form one large company

Question 12

Vertical Consolidation

Answer 12

process of gaining control of the many different businesses that make up all phases of a product’s development

Question 13

Business Cycle

Answer 13

periodic growth and contraction of a nation’s economy

Question 14

Piecework

Answer 14

system in which workers are paid not by the hour but by what they produce

Question 15

Division Labor

Answer 15

way of producing in which different tasks are performed by different persons

Question 16

Socialism

Answer 16

an economic and political philosophy that favors public (or social) control of property and income

Question 17

Collective Bargaining

Answer 17

process in which workers regulate as a group with employers

Question 18

Scab

Answer 18

worker called in by an employer to replace striking laborers

Question 19

Anarchist

Answer 19

radical who violently opposes all government

Question 20

Haymarket Riot

Answer 20

1886- labor-related violence in Chicago

Question 21

Homestead Strike

Answer 21

1892 strike in Pennsylvania against Carnegie Steel

Question 22

Pullman Strike

Answer 22

1894 railway workers’ strike that spread nationwide