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Resource Room > American Beginnings Test > Flashcards

American Beginnings Test Flashcards

1
Q

archipelago

A

a large group of islands

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2
Q

atoll

A

a ring of coral that encloses a pool of seawater

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3
Q

badlands

A

wasteland that has been carved into unusual shapes by wind and water

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4
Q

bay

A

a body of water that extends into the land

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5
Q

beach

A

a rocky or sandy edge of land along a body of water

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6
Q

butte

A

an isolated hill with sloping sides and a small, flat top

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7
Q

canyon

A

a deep valley with steep sides

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8
Q

cape

A

a point of land that juts out into water

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9
Q

cave

A

a hollow area in the earth with an opening to the outside

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10
Q

channe

A

a body of water
that connects two larger
bodies of water

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11
Q

cliff

A

a high, steep face of rock or earth

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12
Q

continent

A

one of the seven great land masses on earth

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13
Q

delta

A

a fan-shaped deposit of sand and mud at the mouth of a river

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14
Q

desert

A

a region of little rainfall where few plants and animals live

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15
Q

dune

A

a hill of sand formed by blowing wind

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16
Q

fjord

A

a long, narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or
slopes

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17
Q

forest

A

a large area of land covered with trees and
other plants

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18
Q

geyser

A

a spring that spouts hot water and steam from
time to time

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19
Q

glacier

A

a large mass of ice that moves very slowly down a mountain or through a valley

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20
Q

gulf

A

a large body of saltwater that is partly enclosed by land

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21
Q

hill

A

a raised part of the earth’s surface that is lower than a mountain

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22
Q

iceburg

A

a huge block of floating ice that has broken off a glacier

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23
Q

island

A

a piece of land that is surrounded by water

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24
Q

isthmus

A

a narrow strip of land that connects two larger land areas

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25
Q

jungle

A

an area of thick, tangled plants usually found near a river or a swamp

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26
Q

lagoon

A

a shallow body of water that is partly cut off from the sea

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27
Q

lake

A

an inland body of fresh or saltwater

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28
Q

marsh

A

a low, wet area where grasses, rushes and cattails grow

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29
Q

mesa

A

a raised area with steep sides and a large, flat top

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30
Q

mountain

A

a high area of land with steep sides and a sharp peak

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31
Q

oasis

A

an isolated area of vegetation in a desert often surrounding a water source

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32
Q

ocean

A

the body of saltwater that covers most of the earth

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33
Q

peninsula

A

an area of land that is nearly surrounded by water

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34
Q

plain

A

a large, low area of flat or rolling land with few trees

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35
Q

plateau

A

a flat area of land that is higher than the land around it

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36
Q

prairie

A

a region of flat or hilly land covered by tall grasses

37
Q

river

A

a long body of water that flows over land

38
Q

sea

A

a body of saltwater that is partly enclosed by land

39
Q

sound

A

a long wide ocean
inlet between two bodies of land

40
Q

swamp

A

a low, wet area where trees and high shrubs grow

41
Q

tundra

A

a cold, dry, treeless region where mosses, grasses and lichens grow

42
Q

valley

A

an area of low land between mountains or hills

43
Q

volcano

A

a hole in the earth’s crust through which lava, gasses and ash are released

44
Q

waterfall

A

a stream of water that falls from a high place

45
Q

When in S.S. class, what do we mean by “location”?

A

where

46
Q

latitude

A

lines run east and west, measure distances north or south of the equator

47
Q

longitude

A

lines run north and south, measure distances east and west of the prime meridian

48
Q

relative location (define and give examples)

A

where something is located in relation to another place (use describing words such as near, left, north)

Examples: The district office is next to the softball field. Olivia is sitting next to Andrew

49
Q

When in S.S. class, what do we mean by “place”?

A

describes physical and human features

50
Q

physical features (define and give examples)

A

Physical features – geographical features such as lakes and mountains

Examples: Hudson River, Clay mt.

51
Q

human features (define and give examples)

A

ways humans shape a place such as buildings, transportation, language, religion

Examples: school bus, thruway

52
Q

Give examples of how people adapt to their natural environment.

A

In the winter you wear coats and pants vs. in the summer you wear t-shirts and shorts.

53
Q

Give an example of how people change the environment.

A

The Native Americans in the Southwest learned to irrigate or bring water to an area so their crops would survive.

54
Q

When in S.S. class, what do we mean by “movement”?

A

the movement of people, goods and ideas

55
Q

Why does movement occur?

A

Movement occurs because people and resources are scattered unevenly around the globe

56
Q

Give examples of movement for people.

A

People can fly from one place to another on a plane.

57
Q

Give examples of movement for goods.

A

Goods can be transported on a boat

58
Q

Give examples of movement for ideas.

A

Mr. Mastracy just told us how ideas spread (communication).

59
Q

region

A

an area of the world that has similar characteristics

60
Q

What are the two types of regions?

A

physical and human regions

61
Q

physical regions (define and give examples)

A

where similar characteristics are based on physical features

Examples: Adirondack Region, Finger Lakes Region

62
Q

human regions (define and give examples)

A

where similar characteristics are based on human features

Examples: Chinatown in NYC, Little Italy in NYC

63
Q

Which of the 5 themes of geography (Location, Place, Interaction, Region, Movement) is this?

People in the American Southwest use air conditioners to cool their homes.

A

interaction

64
Q

Which two of the 5 themes of geography (Location, Place, Interaction, Region, Movement) is this?

The Nations of the Pacific Rim includes Japan, Taiwan, Korea, and China.

A

place, region

65
Q

Which three of the 5 themes of geography (Location, Place, Interaction, Region, Movement) is this?

The Mississippi River flows through the interior plains of the United States.

A

region, place, location

66
Q

Which two of the 5 themes of geography (Location, Place, Interaction, Region, Movement) is this?

In the mid-1800’s grasslands covered the great plains of the United States.

A

region, place

67
Q

Which of the 5 themes of geography (Location, Place, Interaction, Region, Movement) is this?

During the Gold Rush of 1849, thousands of people went to California hoping to make money.

A

movement

68
Q

Which of the 5 themes of geography (Location, Place, Interaction, Region, Movement) is this?

By building dams on rivers, Americans have harnessed the power of water.

A

interaction

69
Q

Which three of the 5 themes of geography (Location, Place, Interaction, Region, Movement) is this?

The Great Lakes form part of the border between America and Canada.

A

location, region, place

70
Q

Which of the 5 themes of geography (Location, Place, Interaction, Region, Movement) is this?

New York City’s “Little Italy” has many Italian restaurants.

A

region

71
Q

What ritual did the Aztecs perform, which may disgust you?

A

human sacrifice

72
Q

Who defeated the Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs?

A

The Spanish

73
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

capital of the Aztec Empire located in the historic center of present-day Mexico City

74
Q

chinampas

A

a type of agriculture used by the Aztecs that involves building artificial islands in shallow lakes to grow crops

75
Q

Where did the Incas live and how did they get around?

A

The Incas built roads to travel through the Andes Mountains.

76
Q

What type of farming did the Incas practice?

A

terraced farming

77
Q

What advanced skills did the Mayans have?

A

They created a system of advanced math, astronomy and one of the first written languages.

78
Q

What are the two theories of how the Americans first arrived in the Americas?

A

Land Bridge, Coastal Theory

79
Q

Land Bridge Theory

A

A land bridge once connected Asia and North America, allowing early humans and animals to migrate to the Americas.

80
Q

Coastal Theory

A

The first people to arrive in the Americas traveled by boat along the Pacific coast.

81
Q

Name the 5 original Iroquois tribes.

A

Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca

82
Q

What state did the Iroquois live in?

A

New York State

83
Q

What is the difference between Nomadic and Stationary?

A

Nomadic people move from place to place and don’t have a permanent home, while people with a stationary lifestyle remain in one place.

84
Q

Primary Source (give definition and examples)

A

an original source of information that was created at the time of an event or by someone directly involved in it

Examples: ship logs, diaries, original documents

85
Q

Secondary Source (give definition and examples)

A

a document or recording that discusses or relates information that was originally presented elsewhere

Examples: textbooks, encyclopedias, journal articles

86
Q

Artifact (give definition and examples)

A

an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest

Examples: Rosetta Stone, Dead Sea Scrolls

87
Q

What are the 5 themes of geography?

A

location, place, interaction between people and their environment, movement, region

88
Q

On the following blank map:

https://d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=1405&lang=en

Locate and label Canada, Mexico, Mainland US, Alaska, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Great Lakes.

A

See this map for locations of Canada, Mexico, Mainland US, Alaska, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Great Lakes:

https://www.yourchildlearns.com/online-atlas/north-america-map.htm

*The Great Lakes are between the U.S. and Canada.

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