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US History > America Enters Global Affairs > Flashcards

America Enters Global Affairs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is imperialism?

A

When a country takes over or gets involved in another location for economic, financial, or military gain; often resulting in conflict.

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2
Q

What caused the US to begin imperializing?

A

*Desire to expand the US economy via resources and new markets.
* Desire to gain build new military bases and expand military power.
* Desire to compete with other world powers (like Great Britain).

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3
Q

Where was the first place the US imperialize?

A

Alaska

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4
Q

How did the US gain Alaska?

A

The US bought Alaska from Russia without consenting the Alaskans.

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5
Q

Why did the US imperialize Alaska?

A
  • To grow the fur trade.
  • To gain access to timber (trees).
  • To develop a potential military base.
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6
Q

How did the US acquire Hawaii?

A
  • The US was involved economically in Hawaii.
  • To gain more control in Hawaii the US Marines were sent to help overthrow the Hawaiian Queen.
  • President McKinley annexes Hawaii in 1898.
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7
Q

Who was Queen Liliuokalani?

A
  • Hawaiian Queen that was against annexation.
  • Supported a “Hawaii for Hawaiians” policy.
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8
Q

Who was Sanford Dole?

A

American businessman who became the new leader of Hawaii after the overthrow of the Queen.

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9
Q

What was the controversy surrounding the acquisition of Hawaii?

A
  • Hawaiian Natives were opposed to annexation.
  • Hawaiians believed wanted to have Hawaiian leadership- not American leadership.
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10
Q

Why did the US enter the Spanish American War?

A
  • The Spanish were treating the Cuban people horribly, including the creation of concentration camps.
  • An American battleship blew up off the coast of Havana, Cuba; the US blamed the Spanish for the explosion.
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11
Q

What was the USS Maine?

A

The American battleship sent to Cuba to protect American interests there; it mysteriously exploded off the coast of Cuba killing 266 American sailors.

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12
Q

Who were the Rough Riders?

A

US calvary group that served in the Spanish American War; led by Teddy Roosevelt.

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13
Q

How were different territories impacted by the Treaty of Paris (1898)?

A
  • Guam and Puerto Rico became US territories (automatically).
  • The Philippines was annexed by the US after the US paid $20 million to Spain.
  • Cuba gained its independence but was occupied by the US military.
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14
Q

Why was the aftermath of the Spanish-American War controversial?

A
  • Individual rights of territorial residents, such as the Puerto Ricans, were unclear (resulting in the Foraker Act).
  • Nations made independent, like Cuba, were subject to American intervention (such as the creation of Guantanamo Bay Naval Base)
  • Nations that wanted to earn their independence, such as the Philippines, did not.
  • This caused the Philippine-American War.
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15
Q

Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?

A
  • Filipino military leader who fought against the Spanish during the Spanish American War; and against the US during the Philippine American War.
  • Wanted to gain independence for the Philippines.
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16
Q

What was the Platt Amendment?

A
  • An addition to the Cuban Constitution that granted special benefits to the US.
  • Allowed the US to intervene politically or economically whenever it saw fit.
    *Granted the US the ability to build a naval base in Cuba (Guantanamo Bay).
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17
Q

Why did some Americans oppose imperialism?

A

Some Americans (like Mark Twain) believed that it went against the US’ founding principles in the Declaration of Independence.

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18
Q

Who was the Anti-Imperialist League?

A

Organization of American that were against American imperialism.

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19
Q

How did some US Presidents expand American imperialism?

A
  • McKinley supported the Spanish American War and the US entering China via the Open Door Policy.
  • Roosevelt expanded the US Navy and supported construction of the Panama Canal
  • Wilson supported the US entering Mexico in response to a revolution.
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20
Q

What caused the US to imperialize China?

A
  • Other countries had develop “spheres of influence” in China; the US wants to get involved to compete as well.
  • Many resources were available in China that the US wanted to access.
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21
Q

What happened as a result of American imperialism in China?

A
  • The US created the Open Door Policy (McKinley) to eliminate “spheres of influence” and create equal trade access in China.
    *The Chinese rebelled in the Boxer Rebellion and were defeated.
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22
Q

What caused the US to imperialize Panama?

A
  • Many countries wanted to build a canal in Panama to make it easier to move ships between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
  • The US sent its military to overthrow Colombia in Panama.
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23
Q

What is “Big Stick Diplomacy”?

A

*Teddy Roosevelt’s imperial policy that focused on building and using a large military to gain advantages for the US.
*Demonstrated through US entrance into Panama.

24
Q

What caused the US to imperialize Mexico?

A

The US was involved in the Mexican economy (railroads and oil) and we wanted to protect those interests during the Mexican Revolution.

25
Q

What happened as a result of US imperialism in Mexico?

A
  • The US furthered its policy of “moral diplomacy” along its southern border.
26
Q

What is “moral diplomacy”?

A

*Woodrow Wilson’s imperial policy that suggested the US should not support any government that is dangerous to the US or its own people.
*Led the US to enter Mexico.

27
Q

What are some benefits of imperialism?

A
  • New service for imperialized location.
  • Economic and financial benefits for the imperializer.
  • Ability to develop new military bases and grow the military.
  • Improve position as a global power.
28
Q

What are some drawbacks of imperialism?

A
  • Native populations often have a new culture forced upon them.
  • Native populations are stripped of land and resources that belonged to them.
  • Imperializer creates services that benefit themself- not the location they imperialized.
29
Q

Which countries made up the Allied Powers in WWI?

A

Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Italy, US

30
Q

Which countries made up the Central Powers in WWI?

A

Germany and Austria Hungary

31
Q

What were the long-term causes of World War I? (MAIN)

A

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

32
Q

How did militarism contribute to the start of WWI?

A

Many countries spent a lot of money expanding and advancing their militaries before WWI; ex. Germany expanded its Navy, France and Germany added military along their shared border, countries adopted conscription before the war started.

33
Q

How did alliances contribute to the start of WWI?

A

Countries agreed to partnerships with other nations before the war started, agreeing to support one another if a war started. ex. Triple Entente: France, Russia, Great Britain and Triple Alliance: Germany and Austria Hungary.

34
Q

How did imperialism contribute to the start of WWI?

A

European countries were competing with one another for land and resources worldwide before the war started- especially in Africa.

35
Q

How did nationalism contribute to the start of WWI?

A

Europeans had an extreme attitude of patriotism before the war- and viewed themselves as superior to their rivals; ex. the German and British created propaganda that showed their superiority over their rivals; Serbian nationalists aimed to free Bosnia from Austria Hungary.

36
Q

What was the immediate, short-term cause of WWI?

A

The Black Hand (Serbia) assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary) in June 1914, triggering many countries to declare war on one another by August 1914.

37
Q

Why did the US remain officially neutral as WWI began?

A
  1. They believed the war was “Europe’s problem,” just another European war which occurred frequently. Americans wanted to focus on our own development.
  2. The US has a large population of European immigrants.
  3. The President was raised a pacifist.
38
Q

How did the US support warring nations before officially declaring war?

A

American businesses sold supplies (ammunition, food, and more) to warring nations. The US government loaned money to warring nations. The US sent more supplies and money to the Allied Powers than the Central Powers.

39
Q

What events made American neutrality increasingly difficult before the US government declared war?

A
  1. American ships were attacked by German u-boats- including passenger ships where businesses secretly hid supplies. (ex. Lusitania and Sussex).
  2. Although Germany stopped the attacks for a while- they resumed unrestricted submarine warfare not long before the US declared war.
  3. German Ambassador Zimmermann sent a message trying to convince Mexico to invade the US- greatly angering Americans.
40
Q

What is a u-boat?

A

German submarines that patrolled the Atlantic Ocean near Great Britain during World War I.

41
Q

What was the Lusitania?

A

A British passenger ship that was attacked by a German u-boat in 1915, killing over 1200 people (including 123 Americans); led to growing anger in the US about German policies. The ship had supplied hidden in its cargo hold- that were being sent to the Allies.

42
Q

Why did President Wilson ask Congress to declare war in 1917?

A
  1. “Freedom of the Seas,” America was a “neutral” country and Wilson was angry at Germany for not respecting American ships.
  2. Germany continued its policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.
  3. Zimmermann Telegram: Germany attempted to get Mexico to invade the United States.
43
Q

What actions did President Wilson and Congress take to mobilize the US for war?

A
  1. Created the Selective Service Act, requiring men to register for a draft (increased US Army from 127,500 to 4 million).
  2. Formed the Committee on Public Information to create propaganda- encouraging people to support the war effort.
  3. Created the US Food Administration to convince people to ration food and plant liberty gardens.
  4. The government sold “liberty bonds,” war bonds sold to help fund the war.
44
Q

Why did some people oppose fighting in WWI?

A

Some men who were against the war for religious, political, or moral reasons, applied as conscientious objectors- and were allowed to serve in noncombatant roles (cooks, medics, or messengers).

45
Q

How did the US government target antiwar attitudes during WWI?

A

Congress and Wilson passed the Espionage Act to target potential foreign spies; and the Sedition Act to limit anti-war or anti-American speech during WWI. German-Americans were the most targeted, and were likewise the target of other anti-German attitudes (German language removed from American schools, German foods and newspapers were banned, German dog breeds were targeted).

46
Q

How did WWI contribute to the spread of the Spanish Flu?

A
  1. Many American soldiers were crowded onto military bases where the illness spread quickly.
  2. Soldiers were sent overseas to crowded trenches where the illness spread to men from many countries.
  3. Americans on the homefront were working in dirty, crowded factories and held large parades to sell liberty bonds.
  4. Because of the Sedition Act the media was quiet about the spread of the illness which led many people to be unaware of how dangerous it was.
47
Q

How did women contribute to WWI?

A
  1. Women worked as nurses in the US Army, US Navy and American Red Cross.
  2. Women worked as “Hello Girls” helping Allied communications between the French and English speaking officials.
  3. Women worked in factories- filling jobs left empty by men.
  4. Women worked to ration and conserve food at home and planted liberty gardens.
48
Q

How did WWI impact the women’s suffrage movement?

A

Because of the many contributions of American women during WWI, the US government approved the 19th amendment- granting women the right to vote.

49
Q

How did Black American contribute to WWI?

A
  1. Black men served as soldiers (ex. Harlem Hellfighters- Black American men who served under the command of the French Army and won many awards for their heroic acts)
  2. Black people bought $250 million In Liberty Bonds.
  3. Black people worked in northern factories to support the war effort.
50
Q

How did WWI cause the Great Migration?

A

The Great Migration, the mass movement of Black Americans from the South to the North starting during WWI (continuing through WWII), was caused by: 1. demand for Black workers in northern factories; 2. desire to escape Jim Crow Laws and racial violence in the South.

51
Q

What was the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)?

A

The nickname used to refer to the US military during World War I.

52
Q

Who was John Pershing?

A

American general who commanded the AEF during World War I.

53
Q

How did American involvement in WWI benefit the Allies?

A
  1. American goods helped supply the Allies.
  2. The US entered just as the Russians left- helping fill in support.
  3. By the final months of the war the US led important offensives.
  4. The US provided a much needed morale boost for the Allies.
54
Q

What was President Wilson’s central goal in his 14 Point Plan?

A

Wilson wanted to prevent future wars and promote peace; wanted WWI to be a “war to end all wars.”

55
Q

What were the key provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  1. German was forced to significantly decrease the size of its military: “demilitarizing”
  2. The alliance that formed the Central Powers was banned (Germany and Austria Hungary)
  3. Germany was forced to give up a lot of land and new countries were formed at the end of the war.
  4. Germany was forced to pay $33 billion in “reparations” (war debts) to the Allies.
  5. Germany had to accept full guilt for causing WWI. “War-Guilt Clause”
56
Q

How was the Treaty of Versailles different from the 14 Point Plan?

A

The Treaty of Versailles was focused on getting revenge against Germany– not promoting peace.

57
Q

What future challenges will the Treaty of Versailles cause?

A

The Treaty of Versailles will cause the economic, social, and political destruction of Germany– enabling future dangers to develop before WWII.

US History (1 decks)

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