America 1840-1895 Flashcards
1
Q
What is Genocide?
A
Killing of a large group of people from the same nation or ethnic group
2
Q
What is subsidy?
A
money paid or resources given by the government to support a project
3
Q
What is militia?
A
a military force that is raised from civil populations
4
Q
What is a ranch?
A
a large farm where animals are bred
5
Q
What is a reservation?
A
a area of land set aside for the native Americans.
6
Q
Why did the east coast declare independence from Britain?
A
taxes were high
7
Q
What are 2 out of the 13 original states?
A
pennsylvania
virginia
8
Q
How many people did a territory need to join the union as a state?
A
60000
9
Q
What is a federal government?
A
shares powers between national,state and local levels which obey the constitution.
10
Q
why was it important states kept individual power?
A
So a civil war doesn’t happen and Britain may take back some colonys
11
Q
Why is it difficult to travel across America?
A
the weather conditions
the different terrains
the size of the country
12
Q
What is terrain like in the eastern regions of America?
A
hills and low mountains
the great plains region
13
Q
What is the terrain like in western regions of America?
A
high rugged mountain ranges
14
Q
How did the US change by 1840?
A
there were now 27 states
France and Spain had given there territories to the US
European Immigrates were looking for a better life there
15
Q
What was the cause of the Mexican-American war in 1846-8?
A
farmers from the south move to Texas with their slaves but Mexico had banned slaves so They rebelled against Mexico and joined USA in 1845.
16
Q
What was the outcome of the Mexican-American war.
A
the American army defeated Mexico forcing Mexico to sign a treaty which gave up all there Northern lands including Texas.
17
Q
What is immigration?
A
leaving land to go somewhere else
18
Q
What is migration?
A
Somebody moving around in their own county or in a new country.
19
Q
What is manifest destiny?
A
That it was Gods Will that the Americans spread Christianity, Freedom and Democracy across the land.
20
Q
Who thought of Manifest Destiny?
A
John L. Sullivan
21
Q
Who were the first people to venture across the plains to the mountains?
A
The mountain men
22
Q
How do the mountain men encourage further settlement?
A
Their stories
By getting richer
Their lifestyle
23
Q
Why did the mountain men go West?
A
To get rich
To spread christianity
Hunting beavers
24
Q
Why did people want to leave New York?
A
bad economy
beggars and drunks on the street
poverty
25
Why did people want to go to California (West)?
resources
free space
greenery
26
What problems did the Donner Family face while going West?
wagons got stuck in the sand
slowed down by crossing desserts
got caught in an early snow storm
27
Who was Joseph Smith?
The boy who founded Mormonism.
28
Why did the mormons gain popularity?
Polygamy
Wealthy
another form of Christianity
29
What is a pioneer?
A person who travels to an area not yet settled with the intention of developing a new home.
30
Where did the Mormons stay originally?
Ohio
31
How many followers did Smith have in 1851?
1000
32
Where did Mormonism start to spread?
Missouri
33
Why did non-Mormons start putting their money in Mormon banks?
in 1832 the economy crashed and so did many banks.
34
Why were Mormons chased out of Ohio?
Their banks crashed and everyone blamed them for it
35
Why were Mormons chased out of Missouri?
They were blamed for rioting
rumors of them freeing slaves
36
What was the Mormons ideal society in Nauvoo?
no poor or homeless
banned drink and smoke
37
How many Mormons were there in 1844?
35000
38
What is polygamy?
having more than one wife
39
Why did the Mormons have Joseph Smith arrested?
they thought polygamy was morally wrong and he was becoming a dictator by censoring the press.
40
When did Smith die?
27 June 1844
41
Why were the Mormons forced to move West?
Unpopular religious belief
Joseph Smith
Polygamy
Mormons attitude to slavery
42
Why was Mormonism like a cult?
Patriarchal religion
Secret rites and Ceremonies
43
Who was Brigham Young?
The new leader of Mormonism
Took the Mormons West
Founder of Salt Lake City
44
Why was Young successful at moving West
Ordered
Everyone followed his rules
They had enough supplies
45
When did the first Mormons start going West
February 1846
46
What did the first group of Mormons build?
Rest camps where the next groups could repair wagons and stock up on supplies
47
How did Young solve not having enough supplies?
made groups ahead plant supplies for the next group
48
How did Young solve having an reliable trail with rest stops
organized everybody and set up different camps.
49
How did Young solve having too many people at once?
he split them into groups and left at different times with camps
50
How did Young solve waiting out in the winter months?
Winter quarters with shelters.
51
How did Young solve Indian attacks?
made wagons go in double file and circle around at night to protect cattle.
52
How did Young make sure they don't waste time with native Americans?
loaded guns
53
Who went to the Gold Rush of 1848-49
49ers
mexicans
europeans
british
chinese
54
How did people get to the Gold Rush of 1848-49
boats
trains
guidebooks
wagon trails
55
How was the Gold Rush first discovered?
John Sutters found a bit of Gold in the water in his mill
56
What was life like in mining towns?
dirty
rammed
no women
lots of fights/murder
no government
57
What was the impact of the 1849 Gold Rush?
Native Americans were enslaved
Spanish family's were kicked out their homes
58
What did the sioux use the teeth of the buffalo for?
necklace
59
What did the sioux use the hide of the buffalo for?
for winter clothing and tipis
60
What did the sioux use the skulls of the buffalo for?
religious ceremonies
61
What did the sioux use the ribs of the buffalo for?
for arrows
62
Why was the buffalo important to the Sioux survival
in the plains it was very empty and with the buffalos large herd it allowed them to get what they needed with its many uses
63
How did the Sioux hunt without horses?
they used dogs to round up the buffalo stampedes
64
What are three advantages horses brought to the Sioux?
Faster
Carry stuff
Safer
65
What are the strategies of the Sioux hunting buffalo?
Hunt as a team
Communication
Use of bows and arrow
66
What is the purpose of a travois to the Sioux?
used to carry stuff on the plains
67
What is the purpose of a tipi to the Sioux?
used to keep them safe and warm at night
68
What is the purpose of hand language to the Sioux?
used to communicate with others
69
What is the purpose of a papoose to the Sioux?
used to hold a baby away from animals
70
What is the purpose of a bow and arrow to the Sioux?
to hunt buffalo from a further distance
71
How did the Sioux being a nomadic tribe solve problems of the living in the plains?
followed the buffalo and the plains were flat and full of buffalo
72
How did the Sioux using tipis solve the problems of the plains?
Kept winter warm and summer cool and resisted strong winds
easy to pack up
73
How long did it take for a tipi to be taken down?
in 10 minutes
74
What did the Sioux use a medical shield for in battle?
for extra protection
75
What did the Sioux use a coup stick for in battle?
winning prestige against an enemy
76
What did the Sioux use a bow and arrow for in battle?
used to hunt buffalo from great distance
77
What did the Sioux use a tomahawk for in battle?
to knock down something
78
How did guns change Sioux warfare?
it made it more effective and fast to kill buffalo
79
Why did the Sioux go to war?
raid another tribe
seek revenge
destroy a rival tribe
80
Why did the Sioux only fight in Summer?
They had a lot more supplies than in winter
81
Who were the Sioux allies?
Cheyenne tribe
82
Who were the Sioux enemy's?
Crow tribe
83
What is Counting Coup?
an act of bravery
Touching an enemy on the back of the head with a coup stick
84
Why did Sioux scalp there victims?
to show their success
85
What was the 1830 Indian Removal Act?
created the permanent Indian frontier
86
What was the Permanent Indian Frontier?
a border along mississippi that made the plains Indian Territory
87
Why did America start considering selling the Indian Territory to immigrants?
there was a demand for cheaper land
88
What was the 1851 Indian Appropriation Act?
set up reservations to keep the Sioux safe from travellers and vice versa
89
When was the first Fort Laramie Treaty?
17 September 1851
90
What did the Sioux promise in the First Fort Laramie Treaty?
Not to attack settlers travelling on the Trails
Allow some roads to be built on their territory
91
What did the US government promise in the Fist Fort Laramie Treaty?
To protect the agreed Sioux hunting
pay an annual subsidy
92
Why did the First Fort Laramie Treaty fail?
Failure of the US government
Increased settlement
93
Why did the government want people to start living on the plains?
prevent overpopulation on the east side
94
How did the Land Rush work?
There were white flags that people raced to change to their own flags making them own that land
95
Why was the Transcontinental Railroad built?
To encourage settlement on the plains
Join East to West
96
How was the Transcontinental Railroad built?
Built from two separate teams
97
Where was the meeting point of the two teams building the Railroad?
prometry point in Utah 1969
98
What were some problems the West to East team faced while building the railroad?
The distance made workers give up
Sierra Nevada had 50ft snows
Problems of supply
Avalanches
Slow pace as they had to cut through mountains
99
What were some problems the East to West team faced while building the railroad?
The Sioux and Cheyenne attacks
Conflict within the team
The tribes derailed the engine
100
What were the solutions of the West to East team building the railroad?
The supplies came by boat
The use of gunpowder
Chinese immigrants worked instead
nitro glycerin sped up the pace
101
What were the solutions of the East to West team building the railroad?
Enforced discipline to the workers
Killed the native Americans
102
What was the impact of the Transcontinental railroad?
easier for settlers
Sioux got pushed away from the buffalo
helped modernize America
103
What was the cause of the Cheyenne war?
The homestead act brought more settlers through Sioux hunting grounds
104
What were the actions of the Sioux in the Cheyenne war?
Cheyenne attacked miners and travelers who were settling on the plains
105
What were the actions of the US in the Cheyenne war?
There was a civil war so US could not send Army so a militia was sent and did not stop the travelers
106
What was the result of the Cheyenne war?
Full scale war between Cheyenne and Colorado militia
107
When was the Cheyenne war
1863-67
108
What were the Causes of the Sandcreek Massacre
Chivington and the Colorado militia wanted to kill the Sioux
109
What were the actions of the Sioux in the Sandcreek Massacre?
Black kettle camp was moved to a reservation and Black Kettle surrendered
110
What were the actions of the Colorado Militia in the Sandcreek Massacre?
They massacred the Sandcreek village
111
What was the result of the Sandcreek Massacre?
150 Sioux died
Sioux mistrusted government
112
When was the Sandcreek Massacre?
1864
113
What were the causes of RedClouds War?
the 1862 Gold rush
The New Bozeman Trail broke the Fort Laramie Treaty
114
What were the actions of the Sioux in RedClouds War?
Sioux attacked travelers
Red Cloud agreed to peace talks with US
115
Where were the actions of the US in RedClouds War?
Encouraged miners to seek gold
Did not honor treaty
secretly built forts along trails while peace talks happened
116
What was the result of RedClouds War?
Sioux attacked fort Mckearney
117
When was RedClouds War?
1865-1868
118
What was the cause of Fetterman Massacre?
government broke peace talks and built army forts
119
What were the actions of the Sioux in the Fetterman Massacre?
Attacked loggers
Ambushed and Massacred
120
What were the actions of the US in the Fetterman Massacre?
Fetterman was told to avoid battles with the Sioux but ignored order
121
What was the result of the Fetterman Massacre?
Redcloud united most tribes against US
Government built a new route to mines
The US set up reservations in 1868
122
When was Fetterman Massacre?
1866
123
What were the causes of the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
Mormons traders charged high prices to travelers
Many Sioux converted to Mormonism
Mormons wanted Utah to be a state
Young set up the Nauvoo legion
124
What happened at the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
A non Mormon wagon train was attacked (possibly by Mormons) The Mormon militia was worried of US retaliation and killed 150 people in order for no witnesses and blamed the Indians
125
When was the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
1857-58
126
What were the consequences of the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
Bad publicity for mormons
US army allowed to station troops in Utah
Mormons outlawed polygamy and joined America as a state
127
Who was Harriet Tubman?
a slave who escaped to the north and spent her life helping others do the same
128
Who was Harriet Beecher?
A wealthy northern author who wrote books to educate on how slavery is wrong
129
What are the six main causes of the American Civil War 1861-65?
Slavery
Abolitionists
Sectionalism
Westward expansion
1860 Election
Secession
130
Why would Slavery cause a war between North and South
The north wanted to end slavery while the south wanted to keep it as they relied on it for farming
131
How does sectionalism cause a war between North and South?
America wanted to be united but none of them wanted to betray their region
132
What is sectionalism?
Loyalty to your region not your country
133
How did Westward expansion cause the war between North and South?
as new states arose it was conflict to decide whether they are anti or pro slavery
134
Who was John Brown?
was an anti slavery involved in attacking pro slavery settlements after they had burnt their houses down
135
Who was Abraham Lincoln?
The US president who wanted to stop the spread of slavery
136
What was the Emancipation Proclamation 1863?
made slavery illegal in the US
137
Who was Jefferson Davis?
A plantation and slave owner who was running for president who was FOR slavery
138
How did secession play in causing the North and South war?
Made a lot of southern states secede makin grew countries to show that they could be on their own
139
What happened in the secession of the 10 confederate states?
Lincoln is president -> south Carolina secedes in 1860 -> 6 states secede in 1861 -> for summer attack April 12 -> 4 more leave -> Lincoln proclamation 1863 -> Lincoln dies
140
What was a major difference of the North and the South states
North was diverse and based on industrial and agriculture economy
South was only on a agriculture economy
141
What was the economic impact of the South after the Civil War?
Demand for food
When slavery was abolished they lost their free workers and property worth 2 billion dollars
Crops were destroyed from fights
The war cost 400 per person
142
What was the economic impact of the North after the Civil War?
Factory's in North made huge profits for supporting the war
They won the war
Many policies that favored the North were passed
143
What was the 13th amendment?
No slavery except for punishment
Congress shall have all power
