America

Question 1

Factors that led to British defeat in War of Independence(1783)

Answer 1

Foreign involvement (French +spanish)
British mistakes
Instrumental Figures George Washington

Question 2

Effects of French + spanish involvement

Answer 2

strengthen army- worldwide war, resulting in power shift

GB had to disperse troops to East and West Florida

Question 3

Number of warships for France and Spain/ GB

Answer 3

France- 64
Spain-57
GB- 90

Question 4

% of GB navy in America

Answer 4

1778- 41%

1780-13%

Question 5

Examples of French invasion

Answer 5

1778 GB fleet abandons Philadelphia as France blockade it- loss of territory for GB

Question 6

French financial support

Answer 6

48 million on weapons and supplies during war

Question 7

Example of French advice USA

Answer 7

Marquis de Lafayette joined Washingotn staff 1777- communication

Question 8

US and French working together example

Answer 8

Admiral De Grasse fleet prevented supplies reaching Yorktown- Washington could stop resupply of GB

Question 9

British mistakes examples- Bunker Hill

Answer 9

poor battle plans- Bunker Hill (1775)- 228 British killed and 800 wounded

Question 10

Events and date of Battle of Long Island- GB mistake

Answer 10

1776- didn’t follow up victory, 9000 US troops escaped

Question 11

Poor communication between British examples- General Howe

Answer 11

1777- General Howe plan to capture Philadelphia not coordinated with Burgoyne march to NY

Question 12

Consequence of poor communication -Yorktown

Answer 12

General Clinton asked for 4000 reinforcement- never arrived leading to surrender

Question 13

GB consequence of bad relations with US

Answer 13

bad relations with US loyalists- due to Hessian troops led them to joining Rebels

Question 14

George Washington battle examples- New Jersey

Answer 14

Discipline- New Jersey (1777) troops received smallpox

Question 15

Battle of Long Island importance

Answer 15

1776- organised retreat preventing army being captured

Question 16

Impotrance of Trenton

Answer 16

December 1776- fought in Winter GB weren’t prepared influence of France

Question 17

Washington relations with Americans

Answer 17

‘glorious cause’- paid for supplies and receipts for seized property

Question 18

Washington convincing France to help

Answer 18

Admiral De Grasse- Yorktown

Marquis de Lafayette

Question 19

Causes of American revolution

Answer 19

Tea Act (1773)
7 Years War
Coercive Acts(1774)

Question 20

Reaction to Tea Act

Answer 20

Greater resentment of colonists to GB- greater conflict

Illegal taxation

Question 21

GB expectations from colonies(Tea Act)

Answer 21

Increased duties- East Indian Tea fall under American Duties

Aims to free GB from debt

Question 22

Initial Rebellion from Tea Act- commitee correspondance

Answer 22

Committees of Corespondance condemned act and encouraged boycotts and disobedience

Question 23

Example of Rebellion from Tea Act

Answer 23

Tea in Charleston landed but not offered for sale

NY- rejected and sent back

Question 24

Influence of Boston Tea Party- Sons of Liberty

Answer 24

Sons of Liberty- 60 boarded 3 ships and threw 10,000 pound of cargo into sea- violent uprising

Question 25

British reaction to Boston and effect

Answer 25

attempt to put under military control (+ Masssachusets) further ignited rebellion followed by all colonies

Question 26

Importance of 7 Years War

Answer 26

Initial factor causing other events to happen

GB won marking distaste in US

Question 27

Reason for resentment (7 years)

Answer 27

regulations on colonies, taxations- limiting colonists rights

Question 28

Widespread effect of 7 years- other factors

Answer 28

Intellectual opposition to taxation leads to Townsend Duties leads to Tea Act

Question 29

Impact of 7 years on violent uprising- formed

Answer 29

colonial assemblies leading to Sons of Liberty

Question 30

Why did GB tax the colonies

Answer 30

to pay for the war- resentment US didn’t have to pay for

Question 31

Objective of Coercive Act

Answer 31

isolate Boston and force patriots into submission

Question 32

Result of Coercive Act

Answer 32

destroyed Anglo- American relations- growing resentment.

Desire for change from colonists

Question 33

Colonist thoughts on Coercive Act

Answer 33

GB trying to establish tyrannical rule- more power given to military commanders to maintain control

Question 34

What did coercive acts establish and why

Answer 34

Revised charter of colony to allow governer to appoint officials and arrange murder trials to England
Continental Congress

Question 35

Influence of Continental Congress

Answer 35

gave colonists representation and legal precedence- prevent GB extorting rights
Legitimased revolution and bringing issues to international stage

Question 36

Importance of legitimising revolution

Answer 36

greater support, growing desire for change, support from ROW
Unites colonies
Increased pace of revolution -more likely victory

Question 37

Importance of intellectual opposition to taxation

Answer 37

‘No taxation without representation’ stepped in enlightenment
Denouncing king George + parliament

Question 38

Importance of Townsend duties

Answer 38

Duties on imports of glass, wine, China expected to raise 40,000
Increased tension- British military presence increased

Question 39

Importance of Boston massacre

Answer 39

Increased tensions and divisions-600 gb troops
Workers at rope factory attacked redcoats- street battle
Troops guarding customs house fired into protestors 5 dead