Ambulatory Injuries

Question 1

Clinical signs of fracture

Answer 1

Pain Swelling Redness Loss of function Local crepitus

Question 2

Clinical signs of soft tissue injury

Answer 2

Pain Swelling Redness

Question 3

Management of fractures

Answer 3

Analgesia (ice, elevation and immobilisation also helps with this!) Reduce and immobilise (internally or externally)

Question 4

Oral vs IV/IM analgesia

Answer 4

If pt going to go home later, oral analgesia should be enough If pt going to stay in hospital (needs more than bandage and backslab!), need IV/IM

Question 5

Short term complications of fracture

Answer 5

Compound fracture Neurovacular injury Compartment syndrome (venous blockage, toxic damage) Injury to internal organs

Question 6

Long term complications in fracture

Answer 6

Non union Malunion Avascular necrosis Shortening Infection OA Loss of function

Question 7

Symptoms of compartment syndrome

Answer 7

Severe pain (even with passive movement) Pallor Swelling Tension Pulseless (late symptom) Parasthesia (late symptom)

Question 8

Definitive diagnosis of compartment syndrome

Answer 8

Measure pressure in compartment (use specific manometer; or canulla, put normal saline in, measure pressure like in LP or canulla joined to central line monitor to see pressure)

Question 9

Potential complications

Answer 9

Pain, loss of function

Malunion, shortening, deformity, loss of function

Damage to surrounding structures (skin, subclavian artery and vein, brachial plexus, lung)