Amblyopia & Strabismus

Question 1

Best compensated VA is 20/40 or worse in either or both eyes.

Answer 1

Amblyopia

Question 2

It defined as binocular or monocular decrease in BCVA due to pattern visual deprivation and abnormal binocular interaction during visual immaturity for which there is not obvious ocular pathology or visual pathway defect and which in appropriate caes is reversible.

Answer 2

Amblyopia

Question 3

Lack of proper eye development——-> reduced Visual Acuity

Answer 3

Amblyopia

Question 4

4 types of amblyopia?

Answer 4

1. Strabismic amblyopia
2. From deprivation amblyopia
3. Anisometropia
4. Isoametropia

Question 5

When eye is covered the eye moves out of alignment and when uncovered, alignment is quickly restored.

Answer 5

Phoria

Question 6

When both eyes are uncovered, both point towards the object of regard.

Answer 6

Phoria

Question 7

Sometimes called as “tropia” or “squint”

Answer 7

Strabismus

Question 8

When both eyes are open and uncovered one eye is pointed at the target and the other eye is pointed somewhere else.

Answer 8

Strabismus

Question 9

It does not perceive the world the same way, when eye is turnes, causing them to “suffer”from poor deprh perception

Answer 9

Strabismus

Question 10

If you have strabismus, you will suffer from?

Answer 10

• Posture
• Balance
• Centering
• Fixation
• Identification

Question 11

Monocular Vision and depth perception is dependent to?

Answer 11

Visual Developement

Question 12

To accurately point both eyes at an object, you must understand ___?_____ and the _____?____

Answer 12

> Where you ate
Distance between you and the object

Question 13

How many percent of prevalence that amblyopia and strabismus has?

Answer 13

4-6%

Question 14

Who occur far more frequently “Esodeviation” or “Excodeviation”

Answer 14

> Esodeviation

Question 15

It’s prevalence ration was approximately 3-1%

Answer 15

Esodeviation

Question 16

There is no “critical period” in treating ____? And ____?

Answer 16

Amblyopia and strabismus

Question 17

What are the 3 broad factors of etiology of strabismus

Answer 17

> Anatomical
Optical
Innervational

Question 18

What are the abnormalities in Anatomical?

Answer 18

Abnormalities of EOM, Ligaments, Tendons and orbital contents.

Question 19

Abnormalities in Optical?

Answer 19

> Refractive Anisometropia
High Re
Media Opacities

Question 20

What are the cause of stabismus for Innervational?

Answer 20

Due to impairment of
> CN3
> CN4
> CN6

Question 21

When strabismus is present ______? in the body may be present

Answer 21

Asymmetry

Question 22

What are the asymmetry in the body?

Answer 22

> Face Turn
Chin Elevation
Head tilt to one shoulder

Question 23

Asymmetry of Face Turn

Answer 23

Horizontal Deprivation

Question 24

Chin Elevation/depression asymmetry?

Answer 24

Vertical Deviation

Question 25

Heald tilt to one shoulder asymmetry?

Answer 25

Torsional deviation

Question 26

Born with incomplete hip development?

Answer 26

Hip dysplasia

Question 27

What is Antimetropia?

Answer 27

One eye is myopic , while fellow eye is hyperopic
Opposite refractive error in OU

Question 28

The patient is born with hip dysplasia, came in as constant eso tropia at OD with -6.00 and +0.50 at OS. He is afraid pf driving off the right side of the road.

Identify the problem.
Why he is scared oh his right side? Explain further
What condition he possible have and why?
How do you manage it?

Answer 28

> Strabismus, depth perception, centering, posture, Identification

> Because he has Right Esotropia, e doesnt have awareness on his right side, when you look at the lens of the px he has Minus lens which means (minify) he can see small image , his right side is compressing due to RET, the worst is he was -6.00 OD that’s why he can see small images and the space is compressing on his right side.

> Antimetropia because the one eye is myopic, the other eye is hyperopic, it as opposite refractive error in OU.

> Vision Teraphy helps how to point both eyes directly on the target, so that the 4 circles and other visual skills was okay.

Question 29

How to test space compression?

Answer 29

Though the procedure of motor equivalence or Chalk board circles

Question 30

When the eye is directed towards a different object?

Answer 30

Confusion

Question 31

It occur when the images of the two different object compete to represented on the inteenal representation of reality.

Answer 31

Confusion

Question 32

What are the resolving confusion?

Answer 32

> Tune one channel, supression
Physically cover one eye
Blurred one channel, to develop single sided refractive condition
Turn on eye in a different direction

Question 33

Looking with the line of sight away from the fovea in an otherwise healthy eye

Answer 33

Eccesntric fixation

Question 34

It is a condition in which the amblyopic patieng does not use the central fovea area under monocular conditions?

Answer 34

Eccentric fixation

Question 35

It is seen in strabismic amblyopes.

Answer 35

Eccentric fixation

Question 36

Nasal Eccentric fixation.

Is it ESOTROPIA or EXOTROPIA?

Answer 36

Eso

Question 37

Temporal Eccentri Fixation:

ESOTROPIA or EXOTROPIA?

Answer 37

exo

Question 38

What are the eccentric fixation?

Answer 38

Parafovea
Macular
Paramacular
Peripheral

Question 39

What is test/procedure do you perform for Eccentric fixation?

Answer 39

Visuoscopy using Ophthalmoscope

Question 40

When both the fovea have a common visual direction and the retinal element nasal to the fovea in one eye corresponds to the retina elements temporal to the fovea in the other eye.

Answer 40

Normal Retinal Correspondence

Question 41

It is a sensory adaptation which allows strabismic patient to use both eyes without diplopia or confusion.

Answer 41

Abnormal Retinal Correspondece