Always Apply

Question 1

Voiceless stop rule:

Answer 1

P, t, k —> Ph, th, kh

Rule: there is voiceless stop aspiration when it’s the first segment of a stressed syllable.

Question 2

Nasal release rule:

Answer 2

There is a nasal release after a stop and before a homoorganic nasal.

Question 3

nasal release example:

Answer 3

rodney, topmost

Question 4

approximant devoicing rule:

Answer 4

there is approximant devoicing when it follows an aspirated voiceless stop

Question 5

approximant devoicing example:

Answer 5

trap (r is devoiced) vs strap (r is not revoiced cause it doesnt follow an aspirated stop).

Question 6

flapping/tapping rule:

Answer 6

between 2 vowels, when the second vowel is unstressed

Question 7

flapping/tapping example:

Answer 7

butter

Question 8

alveolar fronting rule:

Answer 8

before an interdental, alveolars become dental as well (assimilation)

Question 9

alveolar fronting examples:

Answer 9

tenth, although

Question 10

l-velarization rule:

Answer 10

l becomes velarized in the syllable coda

Question 11

l-velarization examples:

Answer 11

feel, felt

Question 12

nasalization rule:

Answer 12

a vowel becomes nasalized before a nasal consonant in the same syllable

Question 13

nasalization example:

Answer 13

pan, lamb

Question 14

Canadian raising rule:

Answer 14

[aI], [aU] → [vI], [vU] before an underlying voiceless consonant

Question 15

canadian raising examples:

Answer 15

loud is /laud/ but loutish is /lvutif/

Question 16

all the rules in a row:

Answer 16

1- Voiceless Stop Aspiration
2- Nasal Release
3- Approximant Devoicing
4- Flapping/Tapping
5- Alveolar Fronting
6- L-velarization
7- Nasalization
8- Canadian Raising