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Perio > Alveolar Bone and PDL Diseases > Flashcards

Alveolar Bone and PDL Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Specialized mineralized connective tissue

A

Alveolar Bone

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2
Q

What is the Alveolar Bone composed of?

A

Intracellular substances and osteocytes

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3
Q

Structures in the Alveolar Bone ACT

A
  1. Alveolar Bone Proper
  2. Compact Bone
  3. Trabecular Bone
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4
Q

What forms the wall of the alveolar socket?

A

Alveolar Bone Proper

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5
Q

What is the Alveolar Bone Proper in a radograph?

A

Lamina Dura

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6
Q

What covers the bone and contains the alveolar process?

A

Compact Bone

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7
Q

Thickness of the Compact bone

A

0.1-0.4mm

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8
Q

What are the components of the Compact Bone? (7) PCCHIVE

A
  1. Periosteum
  2. Circumferential Lamellae
  3. Concentric Lamellae
  4. Interstitial Lamellae
  5. Haversian Canal (BV)
  6. Volkmann’s Canal
  7. Endosteum
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9
Q

A spongy or cancellous bone

A

Trabecular Bone

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10
Q

Where is the trabecular bone situated?

A

It occupies the space between the compact bone and alveolar bone proper

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11
Q

In the Maxillary Alveolar Process, bone is thicker on which side?

A

Palatal

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12
Q

In the Mandibular Alveolar Process, bone is thicker on which side?

A

Buccal

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13
Q

An area without bone coverage in the marginal portion

A

Dehiscense

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14
Q

Bone is present in the most coronal portion of the buccal but the defect is located more apically

A

Fenestration

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15
Q

What are the cells in the Alveolar Bone?

A
  1. Osteoblasts
  2. Osteoclasts
  3. Osteocytes
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16
Q

What is an Osteoid?

A

Bone lining cells that have been inactive; Unmineralized portion that forms prior to bone maturation

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17
Q

Mononucleated cells

A

Osteoblasts

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18
Q

Osteoblast is responsible for..?

A

Mineralization and formation of the bone

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19
Q

Osteoblasts synthesize the following: (2)

A
  1. Type I & V Collagen
  2. Cytokines & Growth factors
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20
Q

Entrapped osteoblasts in the lacunae

A

Osteocytes

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21
Q

What happens to osteocytes after bone formation?

A

It loses the ability to form matrix & becomes smaller

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22
Q

Bone resorbing cells

A

Osteoclasts

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23
Q

Osteoclasts releases what? AP

A

Acids & Proteolytic enzymes

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24
Q

Sequence of Resorptive Events (Osteoclast) ACRO

A
  1. Attachment of osteoclasts to bone
  2. Creates sealed environment
  3. Releases acid to demineralize the hard tissue
  4. Organic matrix is degraded by secretion of proteolytic enzymes
25
Q

Coordinated Functions of the Periodontium TAHD

A
  1. Turnover
  2. Adaptation
  3. Healing
  4. Defense
26
Q

Also known as “Tissue homeostasis”

A

Turnover

27
Q

What is Adaptation?

A

Deposition and/or resorption occurs constantly in healthy tissue

28
Q

Examples where a tooth is in hypofunction, afunction

A

No contact with opposite tooth

29
Q

Adaptation in cases of reduced occlusal loading

A

Afunction, Hypofunction

30
Q

Adaptation during increased occlusal loading

A

Hyperfunction, Parafunction

31
Q

Refers primarily to the immune system and response of healthy tissues

A

Host Defense

32
Q

Refers to the adaptability of the tissues; Ability to vary the rate of turnover in response to various mediators

A

Healing

33
Q

Oral/Gingival Epithelium turnover rate

A

6 to 40 days (depends on the need of the epithelium)

34
Q

PMN

A

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils or Neutrophils

35
Q

Coronoapical portion of JE

A

1-3mm

36
Q

Where does cell division occur in JE

A

Basal Cell Layer

37
Q

Turnover rate of JE

A

4-6 days

38
Q

Does cementum undergo turnover?

A

No, only continuous deposition throughout life

39
Q

Mechanism for protection against all mechanical challenges in the epithelium

A

Keratinization

40
Q

GCF

A

Gingival Crevicular Fluid (tissue fluid flow)

41
Q

What does the JE produce?

A

Epithelial attachment

42
Q

Turnover of the GCT is mediated by..?

A

Cytokines & Growth factors (inflammatory mediators)

43
Q

What is responsible for the synthesis and breakdown of collagen matrix?

A

Fibroblasts

44
Q

Goal of Periodontium

A

Achieve homeostasis

45
Q

Disease that is limited to the marginal, supracrestal soft tissues

A

Gingivitis

46
Q

Characterized by plaque-induced inflammation of the papillary and marginal gingiva

A

Gingivitis

47
Q

Clinical symptoms of Gingivitis (3)

A
  1. Bleeding
  2. Erythema
  3. Swelling
48
Q

In gingivitis, is the AB and PDL involved?

A

No

49
Q

Treatment for Gingivitis (2) ApcM

A
  1. Adequate plaque control
  2. Maintenance
50
Q

Inflammation of the gingiva extending into the deeper structures of the tooth-supporting apparatus

A

Periodontitis

51
Q

Quality of Plaque

A

Type of bacteria present in the plaque

52
Q

Anaerobic

A

Without oxygen

53
Q

Aerobic

A

With oxygen

54
Q

Risk factors that may progress a gingivitis case to periodontitis case:

A
  1. Use of drugs
  2. Smoking
  3. Diabetes (systemic diseases)
  4. Dry mouth
  5. Syphilis
  6. Poor oral hygiene
  7. Bruxism
55
Q

Inflammation-free apical migration of the gingival margin

A

Gingival Recession

56
Q

Best way to prevent gingival recession

A

Gentle oral hygiene technique

57
Q

Treatment options for Periodontitis CRR

A
  1. Close or Open Root Planing
  2. Regenerative Surgical Therapies
  3. Resective Surgical Therapies
58
Q

Rate of progression of Periodontitis may depend on: (5) QSPIR

A
  1. Quality and quantity of plaque
  2. Systemic health of the patient
  3. Patient’s genetic constitution
  4. Immune response
  5. Risk factors

Perio (2 decks)

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