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Oral Histology > Alveolar Bone > Flashcards

Alveolar Bone Flashcards

0
Q

Formative cell?

A

Osteoblast

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1
Q

Formative organ?

A

Dental follicle / dental sac

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2
Q

Embryonic origin?

A

Ectomesenchyme

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3
Q

Specialized mineralized connective tissue?

A

Alveolar bone

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4
Q

Alveolar bone is composed of? (2)

A

Intracellular substance

Osteocytes

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5
Q

Inorganic content? (Percentage and substance)

A

67%

Hydroxyapatite

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6
Q

Organic content? (Percentage and substance)

A 
28% 
Collagen
5% 
Osteocalcin
Sialoprotein
Phosphoprotein
Osteonectin
Bone specific proteins (noncollagenous proteins)
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7
Q

AB can best resist? (2)

A

Compressive forces

Forces directed along long axis of tooth

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8
Q

AB can least resist? (2)

A

Tensile forces

Slicing stresses

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9
Q

Same amount of force may not cause any injury if it is ___ but may cause fracture if it is ___

A

Compressive

Tensile

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10
Q

Functions of AB?

A

Support and protection
Attachment of muscles
Reservoir of minerals
Hemopoiesis

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11
Q

Structure of AB (first part)? (3)

A

Alveolar process
Alveolar bone proper
Lamina dura

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12
Q

Part of jawbone that contains the teeth and alveoli in which they are suspended?

A

Alveolar process

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13
Q

Alveolar process rests on?

A

Basal bone

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14
Q

Alveolar process’ proper development depends on? (2)

A

Tooth eruption

Maintenance on tooth retention

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15
Q

No teeth = ___

A

No alveolar process

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16
Q

Morphology of alveolar process depends on? (3)

A

Size
Shape
Position of teeth

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17
Q

Alveolar process is composed of an ___ and ___ that enclose the spongiosa

A

Outer

Inner cortical plate of compact bone

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18
Q

Compartment of spongy bone?

A

Spongiosa

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19
Q

Spongiosa is aka? (2)

A

Trabecullae

Cancellous bone

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20
Q

Compact bone on the ___

Spongy bone on the ___

A

Outside

Inside

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21
Q

Functions of alveolar process? (2)

A

Anchors the teeth

Absorbs and distribute occlusal pressure

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22
Q

No alveolar process?

A

Residual bridge

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23
Q

Lines the alveolus / alveolar socket contained within the alveolar process?

A

Alveolar bone proper

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24
Q

It is right next to PDL?

A

Alveolar bone proper

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25
Q

Thin plate of cortical bone with numerous perforation?

A

Cribriform plate

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26
Q

Alveolar bone proper allows the passage of ___ between the ___ and ___

A

Blood vessels
Bone’s marrow
PDL

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27
Q

The coronal rim of the alveolar bone forma the ___

A

Alveolar crest

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28
Q

The alveolar bone proper begins from ___

A

Alveolar crest (coronal rim)

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29
Q

Crest of alveolar socket is generally parallel to the ___ at a distance of ___

A

CEJ

1-2mm apical to CEJ

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30
Q

Surrounds each tooth as a continuous thin plate of compact bone?

A

Alveolar bone proper

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31
Q

Alveolar bone proper becomes ___ and ___ from ___ of the alveolar process in some area

A

Fused
Indistinguishable
Cortical plate

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32
Q

Corresponds to alveolar bone proper?

A

Lamina dura

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33
Q

Thin white line that parallels the outline of rods of the teeth?

A

Lamina dura

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34
Q

Radiographic term for alveolar bone proper?

A

Lamina dura

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35
Q

Lamina dura is radiopaque because it is ___ and ___

A

Dense

Mineralized

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36
Q

Structural elements? (3)

A

Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast

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37
Q

Mononucleated found in PDL on the surface of bone?

A

Osteoblast

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38
Q

Responsible for mineralization?

A

Osteoblast

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39
Q

Osteoblast is considered to differentiate from a precursor cell ___

A

Pre-osteoblast

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40
Q

Osteoblast synthesizes the? (2)

A

Type I and IV collagen

Cytokine

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41
Q

Growth factor that regulate cell metabolism?

A

Cytokine

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42
Q

Derived from mesenchymal stem cells?

A

Osteoblast

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43
Q

Mesenchymal stem cells? (5)

A 
Adult bone marrow (BM-MsCs)
Liver
Fetal tissues
Amniotic fluid
Umbilical cord blood (CB-MSC5)
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44
Q

Inactive osteoblast when bone formation stops?

A

Bone lining cells

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45
Q

Bone lining cells become ___ when inactive

A

Flatter

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46
Q

Retain gap junction in osteocytes?

A

Bone lining cells

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47
Q

Mononucleated that found inside bone?

A

Osteocyte

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48
Q

Entrapped osteoblast in the lacunae in the bone?

A

Osteocyte

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49
Q

Osteocyte’s number varies depending on the ___

A

Rapidity of bone formation

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50
Q

More osteocytes when bone formation is ___

A

Rapid

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51
Q

After bone formation, osteocyte loses the ability to form ___ and becomes ___

A

Matrix

Smaller

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52
Q

Osteocyte occupies ___ and ___

A

Osteolytic lacuna

Canaliculi

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53
Q

Osteocyte maintains contact with ___ and ___

A

Adjacent osteocytes

Osteoblasts / lining cells

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54
Q

In osteocyte, the processes are ___

A

Not polarized

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55
Q

Functions of osteocyte? (2)

A

Responsible for osteolysis and osteoplasia

Prevents hypermineralization of bone

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56
Q

Due to hormonal regulation? (2)

A

Osteolysis

Osteoplasia

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57
Q

Osteocyte prevents hypermineralization by ___

A

Pumping Ca back into the bloodstream

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58
Q

Limited resorption of bone in lacunae and canal?

A

Osteolysis

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59
Q

Secondary rebuilding of perilacunar bone minerals (depostion)?

A

Osteoplastin

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60
Q

Large multinucleated found in PDL if needed for resorption?

A

Osteoclast

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61
Q

Seen in clusters?

A

Osteoclast

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62
Q

Osteoclast occupies shallowed, hollowed-out depressions called ___

A

Howships lacunae

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63
Q

Organell-poor, brush-like cytoplasmic border which demarcates the zone of resorption?

A

Ruffled border

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64
Q

Ruffled border is where ___ and ___ are released

A

Acids

Proteolytic enzymes

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65
Q

Rich in ___ and ___ transported to ruffled border in vesicles

A

Acid phosphate

Lysosomal enzymes

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66
Q

Attachment of osteoclast to bone (sequence)?

A

1st

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67
Q

Creates sealed environment (sequence)?

A

2nd

68
Q

Releases acids to demineralize the hard tissue (sequence)?

A

3rd

69
Q

Organic matrix is degraded by secretion of proteolytic enzymes (sequence)?

A

4th

70
Q

Responsible to destruction of organic form / mineral component?

A

Acid

71
Q

Histologic arrangement of mature bone? (2)

A 
Compact bone
 Circumferential lamellae
 Concentric lamellae
 Interstitial lamellae
Spongy bone
72
Q

Dense outer sheet of bone with closely packed layers?

A

Compact bone

73
Q

Encloses the entire bone forming its outer and inner perimeter?

A

Circumferential lamellae

74
Q

Surrounds the bone, flat layers of bone?

A

Circumferential lamellae

75
Q

Makes up the bulk of compact bone?

A

Concentric lamellae

76
Q

___ is from the basic metabolic unit of bone which is ___

A

Concentric lamella

Osteon

77
Q

Cylindrical layer of bone that gets bigger?

A

Osteon

78
Q

Circular with the same center?

A

Concentric lamellae

79
Q

Center of osteon that houses blood vessels?

A

Haversian canal

80
Q

Canal connecting one osteon to another?

A

Volkman’s canal

81
Q

Pink staining osteons with smaller haversian canal?

A

HS 1

Mature osteon

82
Q

Osteons with wider haversian canal?

A

HS 2

Younger osteons

83
Q

Between the concentric lamellae and fills the spaces between them?

A

Interstitial lamellae

84
Q

Interstitial lamellae are fragments of pre-existing concentric lamellae from osteons created during ___

A

Remodeling

85
Q

Soft CT membrane surrounding compact bone?

A

Periosteum

86
Q

Inner layer of periosteum is next to bone surface, with ___ and ___

A

Bone cells

Precursors

87
Q

Outer layer of periosteum is more ___ and gives rise to ___

A

Fibrous

Sharpey’s fiber

88
Q

Covers the interstitial surface of compact and spongy bone?

A

Endosteum

89
Q

Not well demarcated (flimsy covering)?

A

Endosteum

90
Q

Endosteum is ___ CT with ___

A

Loose

Osteogenic cells

91
Q

Endosteum physically separates the ___ from the ___ within

A

Bone surface

Bone marrow

92
Q

Structure of AB (second part)? (3)

A

Cortical plate
Alveolar bone proper / lamina cribriformis / lamina dura
Spongiosa

93
Q

Outside wall of the maxilla and mandible?

A

Cortical plate

94
Q

Continuous with alveolar bone proper at alveolar crest?

A

Cortical plate

95
Q

Cortical plate is ___ and ___ in areas in mandible than in maxilla

A

More pronounced

Thicker

96
Q

Cortical plate is generally ___ on the lingual / palatal than labial / buccal in both max and mand

A

Greater

97
Q

Made up of compact bone?

A

Cortical plate

Alveolar bone proper

98
Q

Alveolar bone proper is aka lamina cribriformis because it is ___

A

Perforated

99
Q

Alveolar bone proper contains ___ and ___

A

Osteon

Interstitial lamellae

100
Q

Continuous at alveolar crest?

A

Alveolar bone proper

101
Q

With bundle bone?

A

Alveolar bone proper

102
Q

Consists of several layers of bone parallel to the surface of bone penetrated by Sharpey’s fibers?

A

Bundle bone

103
Q

Found in areas of recent bone opposition?

A

Bundle bone

104
Q

With lines of rest?

A

Bundle bone

105
Q

Where you find Sharpey’s fibers?

A

Bundle bone

106
Q

Made up of spongy bone?

A

Spongiosa

107
Q

Spongiosa is ___ in max than in mand

A

More

108
Q

Trajectories in spongiosa represents ___ / ___

A

Planes

Lines of stress

109
Q

Spongiosa is spongy bone between? (2)

A

2 bony plates

Alveolar bone proper of adjacent teeth / roots

110
Q

There is production of RBC?

A

Hematopoietic marrow

111
Q

Hematopoietic marrow is can be found in? (2)

A

Maxillary tuberosity

Angle of mandible

112
Q

Mechanisms of bone formation / ossification? (3)

A

Endochondral / intracartilaginous bone formation
Intramembranous ossification
Sutural bone growth

113
Q

There is formation of cartilage then later on it will be changed into bone?

A

Endochondral / intracartilaginous bone formation

114
Q

Endochondral / intracartilaginous bone formation occurs by ___ rather than ___

A

Substitution

Transformation

115
Q

Resorption of cartilage then bone deposition?

A

Endochondral / intracartilaginous bone formation

116
Q

Occurs only in condyle?

A

Endochondral / intracartilaginous bone formation

117
Q

Bone develops directly from fibrous tissue?

A

Intramembranous ossification

118
Q

Mesenchymal cells differentiates into osteoblasts?

A

Intramembranous ossification

119
Q

Intramembranous ossification is found in? (3)

A

Maxilla
Body of mandible
Cranial vault

120
Q

Accommodates growth of organs such as brain and eyes?

A

Sutural bone growth

121
Q

Intramembranous bone deposition?

A

Development of maxilla

122
Q

Center of ossification?

A

Development of maxilla

123
Q

Where the anterosuperior dental nerve branches from the inferior orbital nerve?

A

Development of maxilla

124
Q

Meckel’s cartilage is cartilage of?

A

1st branchial arch / mandibular arch

125
Q

Supports the developing mandible but does not contribute to it?

A

Meckel’s cartilage

126
Q

Meckel’s cartilage is 2 bilateral cartilages from ___ to ___ but does not meet

A

Optic capsule

Midline

127
Q

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve? (4)

A

Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Incisive branch
Mental branch

128
Q

Mental branch passes through?

A

Mental foramen

129
Q

At ___, intramembranous ossification begins at mental branch forming the 1st bone of mandible

A

7th week

130
Q

From ___, the mandible grows ___ and ___

A

Mental foramen
Posterior
Anterior

131
Q

During development of mandible, ___ directed growth leads to formation of compartments for the developing ___

A

Cranially

Tooth gums

132
Q

By ___, the rudimentary mandible is formed by intramembranous ossification

A

10th week

133
Q

Growth of max and mand are influenced by? (2)

A

Secondary cartilages

Development of muscle attachment

134
Q

12th week cartilage?

A

Condylar cartilage

135
Q

4 months cartilage?

A

Coronoid cartilage

136
Q

Obliterated within 1st year after birth?

A

Symphysial cartilage

137
Q

Occupies most of the developing ramus?

A

Condylar cartilage

138
Q

Transient growth cartilage?

A

Coronoid cartilage

139
Q

CT between 2 ends of Meckel’s cartilage?

A

Symphysial cartilage

140
Q

Fate of Meckel’s cartilage? (4)

A

Incus of inner ear
Malleus of inner ear
Sphenomalleolar ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament

141
Q

Different lines in bone? (4)

A

Cementing line
Reversal line
Aplastic line
Resting line

142
Q

Incremental lines?

A

Cementing line

143
Q

New bone layer and resorption?

A

Reversal line

144
Q

Basophilic substance on surface of inactive bone?

A

Aplastic line

145
Q

Separates new bone layer from inactive bone layer?

A

Resting line

146
Q

Age changes in bone, increased function?

A

Thicker trabeculae

Smaller marrow spaces

147
Q

Age changes in bone, decreased function?

A

Thinner trabeculae

Wider marrow spaces

148
Q

Tooth movement, pressure side?

A

Resorption

149
Q

Tooth movement, tension side?

A

Deposition

150
Q

___ / ___ stimulates bone formation

A

Tension / pulling

151
Q

If there is resorption, the surface is ___

A

Scalloped

152
Q

If there is deposition, the surface have ___

A

Cementing lines

153
Q

Bone remodeling depends on ___ and ___ demands of bone

A

Functional

Nutritional

154
Q 
Bone remodeling...
Lamellae > 
Compact bone > 
Bundle bone > 
Bundle bone >
A

Haversian system
Spongy bone
Haversian bone
Lamellar bone

155
Q

After tooth extraction, embryonic bone forms within the socket?

A

Residual ridge

156
Q

Clinical consideration? (4)

A

Lamina dura
Fenestration
Dehiscence
Disturbance in condylar growth

157
Q

Important in diagnostic landmark?

A

Lamina dura

158
Q

Hole in bone?

A

Fenestration

159
Q

The bone may actually resorbs locally, creating a window in the bone through which root can be seen?

A

Fenestration

160
Q

The rim of the bone between fenestration and the alveolar crest may disappear together?

A

Dehiscence

161
Q

Overgrowth of jaw bones?

A

Acromegaly

162
Q

Acromegaly is due to?

A

Hyper function of pituitary gland

163
Q

Disturbance in condylar growth? (2)

A

Acromegaly

Clefts of lips and alveolus

164
Q

Are never accompanied by clefts involving the secondary palate?

A

Clefts of lips and alveolus

165
Q

Clefts of lips and alveolus may result to?

A

Microstomia

166
Q

Clefts of lips and alveolus are always?

A

Unilateral

167
Q

Clefts of lips and alveolus can result from? (2)

A

Defective development of secondary palate

Failure of fusion of maxillary process and medial process

Oral Histology (1 decks)

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